IDENTIFIKASI DAN PEMETAAN RISIKO USAHATANI JAMUR MERANG (Volvariella volvaceae)

Abstrak

Abstrak

Produksi jamur merang di Kecamatan Jatisari Kabupaten Karawang, dari tahun ke tahun mengalami penurunan padahal potensi dan peluang pengembangan usahatani jamur merang cukup tinggi dikarenakan Kabupaten Karawang memiliki sumber bahan baku media tumbuh jamur merang berupa Jerami. Banyak risiko yang dihadapi dalam usaha budidaya jamur merang yang mempengaruhi dinamika produksinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan risiko yang sering terjadi serta dihadapi petani jamur merang. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian secara sengaja (purposive), karena Jatisari merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jamur merang, dengan anggota kelompok tani budidaya jamur merang paling tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed method research dan analisis data menggunakan House of Risk (HOR) fase-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Risiko yang paling sering muncul dihadapi petani jamur merang adalah: harga jamur merang rendah, kekurangan modal, dan harga jual jamur merang berfluktuatif. Sedangkan, risiko yang paling jarang muncul adalah: gagal panen, kurangnya akses ke lembaga keuangan, dan pinjaman bank lama cair; (2) hasil pemetaan risiko, terdapat delapan agen risiko prioritas yang harus dimitigasi yaitu: kekurangan modal, harga jual jamur merang berfluktuatif rendah, pengeluaran untuk kebutuhan hidup petani tinggi, penjualan jamur kurang lancar, pinjaman bank lama, bunga bank tinggi, dan sulitnya akses ke lembaga keuangan (bank).

Kata kunci: Identifikasi risiko, jamur merang, pemetaan risiko, Karawang.

Abstract

Straw mushroom production in Jatisari District, Karawang Regency, has decreased yearly, even though the potential and opportunities for developing straw mushroom farming are high because Karawang Regency has a source of raw materials for straw mushroom growing media. There are many risks faced in straw mushroom cultivation that affect the dynamics of its production. This study aims to identify risks and map the risks that often occur and are faced by straw mushroom farmers. The research location was chosen intentionally (purposively) because Jatisari District is one of the centers of straw mushroom production, with the highest number of mushroom farming group members. This study uses a mixed method research and data analysis using the House of Risk (HOR) phase-1. The results of the study show: (1) the most common risks faced by straw mushroom farmers are low straw mushroom prices, lack of capital, and fluctuating straw mushroom selling prices. Meanwhile, the risks that occur least frequently are crop failure, lack of access to financial institutions, and slow bank loans to be disbursed. (2) Based on the results of risk mapping, eight priority risk agents must be mitigated, namely: lack of capital, low fluctuating selling price of straw mushrooms, high expenditure for farmers' living needs, less than smooth sales of straw mushrooms, slow disbursement of bank loans, high bank interest, and difficulty in accessing financial institutions (banks).

Keywords: Risk identification, Straw mushroom, Risk mapping, Karawang.