Uji Keefektifan Antijamur Ekstrak Air Rimpang Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga [L] Willd.) sebagai Perlakuan Pratanam untuk Mengendalikan Colletotrichum spp. pada Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Abstrak

ABSTRACT
Antifungal Effect of Aqueous Extract of Galangal (Alpinia galanga [L] Willd.) Rhizome
as Seed Treatment to Control Colletotrichum spp. of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Colletotrichum is one of the most important seed-borne pathogens of soybean which is usually
controlled with synthetic fungicide seed treatment. However, it is believed that the use of
synthetic fungicide can cause a variety of negative impacts to the environment and human
health. Galangal rhizome extract has been widely reported to have antifungal and antibacterial
properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of galangal rhizome
aqueous extract as antifungal for pre-planting seed treatment to control Colletotrichum spp. in
soybean. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments were carried out at the Department of Plant
Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used was an
experimental method to test the effectiveness of galangal rhizome aqueous extract against the
emergence and spore germination suppression of Colletotrichum spp., and to test the seed
viability and plant growth of soybean. Galangal rhizome extract with concentrations of 10%,
30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100% as well as a metalaxyl fungicide (0.5 g/l) were applied as a
seed treatment. The results showed galangal rhizome aqueous extract at concentration of
100% reduced the presence of Colletotrichum spp. in seeds up to 100% after the treatment and
suppressed the spore germination by 76.20% as well as increased the seed viability and the
growth of soybean plants.
Keywords: Alpinia galanga, aqueous extract, seed treatment, soybean, Colletotrichum spp.
ABSTRAK
Umumnya pengendalian penyakit tular benih pada kedelai dilakukan melalui perlakuan benih
dengan menggunakan fungisida sintetik yang diakui dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif
pada lingkungan maupun kesehatan manusia. Penggunaan ekstrak air rimpang lengkuas untuk
perlakuan benih dapat diterapkan sebagai alternatif pengendalian penyakit tular benih pada
kedelai. Lengkuas telah banyak dilaporkan memiliki sifat antijamur dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini
dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak air rimpang lengkuas sebagai
antijamur untuk perlakuan benih dalam mengendalikan penyakit tular benih pada kedelai.
Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboraturium Fitopatologi dan rumah kaca Departemen Hama dan
Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode penelitian yang
digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan pengujian keefektifan air persaan rimpang lengkuas
terhadap kemunculan, penekanan perkecambahan konidia, uji pertumbuhan benih, dan viabilitas
benih jamur Colletotrichum spp. pada kedelai. Ekstrak air rimpang lengkuas dengan konsentrasi
10%; 30%; 50%; 70%; 90%; dan 100% serta fungsida berbahan aktif metalaksil (0,5 g/l)
diaplikasikan sebagai perlakuan benih kedelai. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan ekstrak air rimpang
lengkuas konsentrasi 100% dapat menekan sampai 100% kemunculan Colletotrichum spp. setelah perlakuan benih, menekan perkecambahan konidia sebesar 76,20% serta meningkatkan
pertumbuhan dan viabilitas benih kedelai.
Kata kunci: engkuas, ekstrak air, perlakuan benih, kedelai, Colletotrichum spp.