Populasi Hama Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata Lugens Stal.) Dan Keragaman Serangga Predatornya Pada Padi Sawah Lahan Dataran Tinggi Di Desa Panyocokan, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung

Abstrak

ABSTRACT
Population of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) and the Diversity of Its Natural Enemy
in Highland Paddy Rice Field in the Village of Panyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung Regency
Brown lanthopper/BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is a main pest of rice in the field. This research
was aimed to study the population of BPH and the diversity of its natural enemy in highland paddy
rice field. The survey was conducted in three paddy plots (15 m x 20 m) located in the village of
Panyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The experiment was conducted in the
greenhouse of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas
Padjadjaran. The samples of insects were collected systematically using yellow trap and net trap,
and visually observed in each rice cluster. The number of BPH were recorded and accumulated
each week. Fecundity, life cycle, and sex ratio of the new generation of BPH were observed in 3
replications by using 1 pair of WBC on each replication. The result showed that the population of
BPH in the highland was below 10, which means that BPH population was still below the
economic threshold and control threshold. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall did not
significantly affect the BPH population. This was indicated by the regression analysis of each
temperature (Y = 0.557-8.167x; R2 = 0.039; P = 0.465), humidity (Y = -0.077+ 9.112x; R2 = 0.045; P =
0.428), and rainfall (Y = -0.118 + 3.412x; R2 = 0.136; P = 0.159). Natural enemy diversity index
tended to fluctuate widely from low to moderate. In the temperature range from 21.1°C to 34.8°C,
BPH could produce 127-207 new generation during its lifetime. BPH needed an average of 37.66
days to produce a new generation. The ratio of male to female was 1.06 : 1.
Keywords: population, brown planthopper, diversity, predator, highland paddy rice field, Ciwidey,
Bandung
ABSTRAK
Hama wereng batang cklat/WBC (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan hama utama tanaman padi.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari populasi WBC dan keragaman musuh alaminya pada
tanaman padi sawah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan eksperimen.
Survei dilakukan pada 3 petak lahan percobaan berukuran 15 mx 20 m bertempat di Desa
Panyocokan, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung dan eksperimen dilakukan di rumah kaca
Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode
pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara diagonal sistematis. Populasi WBC ditentukan dengan
menggunakan perangkap kuning dan perangkap jaring dan dengan pengamatan langsung pada
rumpun padi. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan meletakkan sepasang WBC dalam wadah, lalu diamati
keperidian, siklus hidup, dan sex ratio keturunannya. WBC yang tertangkap dihitung jumlahnya
dan diakumulasikan setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi dilahan survey di bawah 10 ekor/rumpun yang artinya populasi WBC masih di bawah ambang
ekonomi atau ambang kendali. Suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan tidak memberikan pengaruh
yang signifikan terhadap populasi WBC. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan analisis regresi masingmasing
pada suhu (Y= 0,557 – 8,167x; R2 = 0,039; P= 0,465), kelembaban (Y = -0,077 + 9,112x; R2 =
0,045; P = 0,428), dan curah hujan (Y = -0,118 + 3,412x; R2 = 0,136; P = 0,159). Indeks keragaman
musuh alami cenderung mengalami fluktuasi dari rendah sampai sedang. Pada kisaran suhu 21,1oC–
34,8oC, hasil pengamatan keperidian menunjukkan WBC dapat menghasilkan 127-207 individu
baru selama masa hidupnya. Pada pengamatan siklus hidup, WBC memerlukan rata-rata 37,66 hari
sampai menghasilkan generasi baru. Pengamatan sex ratio menunjukkan perbandingan (jantan :
betina) 1,06 :1.
Kata kunci: populasi, wereng batang coklat, keragaman, predator, sawah, dataran tinggi, Ciwidey,
Bandung