Analisis Spasial Risiko Pemutihan Terumbu Karang di Wpp Indonesia Menggunakan Data Kejadian Marine Heatwaves

Nabila Afifah Azuga; Ahmad Dhuha Habibullah; Najwan Alghifari

doi:10.24198/jaki.v10i2.65886

Analisis Spasial Risiko Pemutihan Terumbu Karang di Wpp Indonesia Menggunakan Data Kejadian Marine Heatwaves

Nabila Afifah Azuga, Ahmad Dhuha Habibullah, Najwan Alghifari

Abstrak

Terumbu karang yang tersebar di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) Indonesia merupakan salah satu pusat keanekaragaman hayati laut dunia yang semakin terancam akibat meningkatnya kejadian marine heatwaves (MHWs). Fenomena ini berdampak langsung terhadap kesehatan ekosistem terumbu karang, khususnya dalam memicu risiko pemutihan karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko pemutihan terumbu karang di WPP Indonesia melalui pendekatan spasial menggunakan data suhu permukaan laut (SPL) selama 43 tahun (1982-2020). Tiga metrik utama digunakan untuk merepresentasikan kejadian MHWs, yaitu frekuensi kejadian, intensitas kumulatif, dan durasi kumulatif. Ketiga metrik ini diolah menggunakan metode statistik berbasis persentil ke-90 dan dikaitkan dengan distribusi terumbu karang untuk menghitung skor risiko pemutihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi kejadian MHWs tertinggi (>2.5 kejadian/tahun) berada di wilayah timur Indonesia (Laut Arafura dan Laut Banda), sedangkan intensitas dan durasi kumulatif tertinggi berada di selatan Jawa hingga Laut Timor. Luas area terdampak paling dominan ditemukan di Sumbarsel (899 km²), Wakatobi (715 km²), dan Laut Jawa bagian utara. Skor risiko pemutihan tertinggi terdapat di WPP 718 (0.91), diikuti oleh WPP 573 (0.90), dan WPP 711 (0.89), menunjukkan pola kerentanan kompleks dan bervariasi secara spasial. Skor dihitung menggunakan formula berbobot dengan menggunakan frekuensi kejadian sebagai faktor dominan. Dengan adanya perhitungan faktor risiko ini, diharapkan dapat menjadi upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi yang tepat untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan terumbu karang secara masif. Melalui hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar yang kuat dalam upaya pengelolaan ekosistem laut yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap perubahan iklim, khususnya di wilayah perairan Indonesia.

Kata Kunci

WPP Indonesia; suhu permukaan laut; pemanasan global; marine heatwaves; pemutihan terumbu karang.

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jaki.v10i2.65886