KEBIJAKAN ANTI PENCUCIAN UANG DAN PENCEGAHAN PENDANAAN TERORISME (APU/PPT) UNI EROPA TERHADAP HIGH-RISK THIRD COUNTRIES PERIODE 2015-2020

Muhammad Taqaruby Narzain, Dairatul Ma’arif, Rizky Hikmawan

Abstrak


FATF menyerukan Negara-negara untuk memerangi praktek pencucian uang. UE tergolong aktif dalam memerangi praktik pencucian uang, pada tahun 2015 Uni Eropa mengadopsi kerangka peraturan modern yang mencakup beberapa peraturan dan direktif, yaitu direktif keempat UE, salah satu kebijakannya adalah kebijakan terhadap negara ketiga, dimana komisi diwajibkan untuk mengidentifikasi negara ketiga berisiko tinggi dengan kekurangan strategis dalam rezim APU/PPT-nya. Yang mana kebijakan tersebut menuai kontroversi di tengah banyak pengamat dan masyarakat dunia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan UE terhadap Negara ketiga berisiko tinggi tersebut serta mengungkap sebenarnya apa yang melatar belakangi UE membentuk kebijakan tersebut, Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Model Kebijakan Luar Negeri Adaptif dan konsep Anti Pencucian Uang dan Pencegahan Pendanaan Terorisme. Hasil temuan Peneliti adalah bahwa kebijakan tersebut dibentuk berdasarkan prinsip kebijakan luar negeri dan keamanan bersama UE, yang dirancang untuk menyelesaikan konflik dan mendorong pemahaman internasional, didasarkan pada diplomasi dan penghormatan terhadap aturan internasional. Dan diluar dari semua kontroversi yang timbul dalam perancangan dan pengimplementasian kebijakan tersebut, harus diakui bahwa dengan kebijakan tersebut UE telah berhasil membuat ekosistem keuangan internasional selangkah lebih baik.

 

FATF urges states to take action against and money laundering practices. The European Union is one of those that is actively combating it, in 2015, the EU adopted a modern regulatory framework that includes several regulations and directives, namely the EU's fourth directive, one of its policies is a policy towards third countries, where the commission is required to identify high-risk third countries with strategic deficiencies in its AML/CFT regime. Which policy sparked debate among observers and the international community. Using descriptive qualitative research methodologies, this study seeks to look into EU policies toward high-risk third countries and uncover what motivates the EU to formulate these policies. This research uses the idea of the Adaptive Foreign Policy Model, as well as the concepts of Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism. According to the conclusions of this study, policy is established based on the EU's common foreign and security policy objectives, with the goal of resolving crises and promoting international understanding via diplomacy and respect for international laws. Despite the controversies that have emerged as a result of the design and implementation of these policies, it must be acknowledged that the EU has succeeded in strengthening the international financial ecosystem.


Kata Kunci


Uni Eropa; Kerangka APU/PPT; Kebijakan Luar Negeri; Negara ketiga berisiko tinggi

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v3i2.45851

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