PERAN INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA BERKEMBANG DI COP 28: ANALISIS PERSPEKTIF MARXISME LINGKUNGAN
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis peran Indonesia dalam COP28 melalui perspektif Marxisme Lingkungan, guna mengkaji kontradiksi posisinya dalam transisi energi global. Meski menyatakan komitmen ambisius pengurangan emisi dan NDC, Indonesia menghadapi paradoks akibat dependensi struktural pada batubara (62% pembangkitan listrik) dan kebutuhan pendanaan transisi yang masif (hingga USD 3,5 triliun). Dengan metode kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen resmi COP28, laporan JETP, data Ember Energy dan Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), serta literatur kebijakan energi Indonesia, penelitian mengungkap bahwa Indonesia menempati contradictory class position dengan menanggung beban transisi yang diakibatkan industrialisasi negara maju tanpa akses proporsional terhadap pendanaan dan teknologi. Skema Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) senilai USD 20 miliar, yang didominasi pinjaman (hanya 1,37% hibah), mengonfirmasi logika kapitalis global yang mempertahankan struktur eksploitasi dalam mengelola krisis iklim. Dominasi korporasi fosil dalam negosiasi COP 28, ditunjukkan oleh partisipasi lebih dari 2.000 pelobi dan penunjukan CEO ADNOC sebagai presiden konferensi, memperkuat temuan ini. Disimpulkan bahwa tanpa transformasi struktural sistem ekonomi global, Indonesia dan negara berkembang akan tetap terjebak dalam posisi subordinat dalam diplomasi iklim dan transisi energi.
This research analyzes Indonesia's role at COP28 through an environmental Marxist lens, examining its paradoxical position within the global energy transition. While pledging ambitious emissions reductions and an NDC target, Indonesia faces a structural contradiction between its coal dependency (62% of electricity) and immense financing needs (up to USD 3.5 trillion). Utilizing a qualitative documentary analysis, the study finds Indonesia occupies a contradictory class position, it bears the transition burden from developed nations' industrialization yet lacks proportional access to finance and technology. The USD 20 billion Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), predominantly composed of loans (only 1.37% grants), exemplifies how the global capitalist system manages the climate crisis while reinforcing exploitative structures. The pervasive influence of fossil capital in COP28 negotiations, evidenced by over 2,000 industry lobbyists and the ADNOC CEO's presidency, confirms the dominance of corporate interests in climate diplomacy. The research concludes that without a structural transformation of the global economic order, Indonesia and other developing nations will remain subordinated within the global energy transition.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v4i3.68734
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Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional Terindeks Di:
Penerbit:
Pusat Studi Politik dan Demokrasi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Kampus FISIP Universitas Padjadjaran, Gedung D, Lt.2 Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia