PROYEKSI PENGGUNAAN KECERDASAN ARTIFISIAL DALAM KAMPANYE POLITIK PEMILU 2029 DI INDONESIA: TRANSFORMASI KOMUNIKASI POLITIK, PERSONALISASI PESAN, DAN RISIKO MANIPULASI DIGITAL
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis secara prospektif penggunaan kecerdasan artifisial (artificial intelligence/AI) dalam kampanye politik Pemilu 2029 di Indonesia berdasarkan pengalaman Pemilu 2024, perkembangan generative AI, dan penelitian komunikasi politik digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-prospektif melalui studi kepustakaan dan analisis skenario. Data diperoleh dari artikel jurnal ilmiah, penelitian tentang AI dan pemilu, dokumen kebijakan, serta kajian mengenai penggunaan AI dalam kampanye Pemilu 2024. Analisis difokuskan pada lima fungsi AI, yaitu produksi konten sintetis, personalisasi dan microtargeting, analitik pemilih, otomasi interaksi, serta verifikasi dan kontra-disinformasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada Pemilu 2029 AI berpotensi berkembang dari alat produksi konten menjadi infrastruktur komunikasi kampanye yang mengintegrasikan data pemilih, produksi pesan, distribusi, interaksi, dan evaluasi respons publik. Penggunaan tersebut dapat meningkatkan efisiensi, memperluas jangkauan, dan mempercepat respons kandidat terhadap isu politik. Penggunaan AI juga berisiko meningkatkan deepfake, manipulasi pesan, bot politik, fragmentasi ruang publik, dan erosi kepercayaan. Penelitian ini menawarkan model proyeksi AI-kampanye 2029 yang menekankan transparansi, pengawasan manusia, pelabelan konten sintetis, pelindungan data, audit algoritmik, dan literasi AI sebagai dasar penggunaan AI yang bertanggung jawab dalam demokrasi.
This study prospectively examines the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) in political campaigns for the 2029 Indonesian General Election, drawing on experiences from the 2024 election, advances in generative AI, and recent research on digital political communication. The study employs a qualitative-prospective approach through literature review and scenario analysis. Data were obtained from scholarly articles, studies on AI and elections, policy documents, and research on AI use in the 2024 Indonesian election campaign. The analysis focuses on five AI functions: synthetic content production, personalization and microtargeting, voter analytics, automated interaction, and verification and counter-disinformation. The findings suggest that by 2029, AI may evolve from a content production tool into campaign communication infrastructure integrating voter data, message production, distribution, interaction, and public response evaluation. These applications may improve campaign efficiency, expand political outreach, and accelerate candidates’ responses to emerging issues. However, AI also presents risks, including deepfakes, political manipulation, automated propaganda, public sphere fragmentation, and declining public trust. This study proposes an AI-campaign projection model emphasizing transparency, human oversight, synthetic content labeling, data protection, algorithmic auditing, and AI literacy. These principles are essential to ensure that AI development supports effective political communication while maintaining electoral integrity, public accountability, and democratic values in Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v5i2.72572
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Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional Terindeks Di:
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Pusat Studi Politik dan Demokrasi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Kampus FISIP Universitas Padjadjaran, Gedung D, Lt.2 Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia