REVIEW ARTIKEL : STRUKTUR, REPLIKASI DAN INHIBITOR RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE CORONAVIRUS

ERVITA INDRIANI, TINA ROSTINAWATI

Abstrak


Coronavirus (CoV) merupakan virus patogen yang dapat menginfeksi manusia dan vertebrata. Wabah sindrom pernapasan akut yang parah (SARS) pada tahun 2003 dan sindrom pernapasan Timur Tengah (MERS) pada tahun 2012 menunjukkan kemungkinan penularan dari hewan ke manusia dan manusia ke manusia pada infeksi CoV yang baru muncul pada Desember 2019. Pengobatan suportif dapat digunakan untuk menangani kasus infeksi oleh CoV seperti obat yang dapat menghambat RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp). RdRp merupakan bagian dari virus RNA yang berperan untuk mengkatalisasi sintesis virus dan memainkan peran sentral dalam siklus replikasi dan transkripsi. Tujuan dari artikel review ini yaitu untuk mengkaji struktur dan replikasi Coronavirus, dan obat yang dapat menghambat RdRp. Metode yang digunakan dalam review ini yaitu berupa penelusuran pustaka berbasis Pubmed dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “Coronavirus”, “Coronavirus replication” “Structure coronavirus”, dan “Inhibitor RdRp”. Simpulan dari review ini yaitu CoV termasuk virus RNA untai tunggal positif ((+) ssRNA), terdiri dari protein struktural dan non-struktural. RdRp termasuk protein non-struktural yang dapat dihambat aktivitasnya dengan analog nukleotida. Analog nukleotida tersebut yaitu remdesivir, favipirafir, sofosbuvir dan ribavirin. Remdesivir dapat digunakan sebagai terapi infeksi CoV terbukti dengan pengujian yang telah dilakukan secara in vitro maupun in vivo.

Kata kunci : Coronavirus, RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase, replikasi coronavirus, inhibitor RdRp dan remdesivir

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v18i2.27769

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v18i2.27769.g14726

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