REVIEW ARTIKEL: PERAN ZINK, VITAMIN C DAN D DALAM MENINGKATKAN IMUNITAS TUBUH

Diah Siti Fatimah, Dolih Gozali

Abstrak


Saat ini, dunia sedang menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-COV-2. Oleh karena penyebarannya yang sangat cepat, maka sistem imun yang kuat diperlukan untuk melindungi tubuh dan mencegah infeksi Covid-19. Nutrisi seperti vitamin dan mineral memiliki peran penting dalam pengaturan fungsi fisiologis, termasuk sistem imun. Zink, Vitamin C dan D merupakan salah satu nutrisi yang diketahui dapat meningkatkan imunitas. Dalam review artikel ini, dibahas peran zink, vitamin C dan D dalam imunitas terkait dengan Covid-19. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa zink, vitamin C dan D memiliki ativitas sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan berperan sebagai imunomodulator dalam imunitas bawaan dan adaptif serta berperan dalam menjaga integritas epitel penghalang. Oleh karena itu, zink, vitamin C dan D dapat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dalam melawan infeksi, termasuk Covid-19. Hasil studi klinis diperlukan untuk mendukung dan memperjelas peran zink, vitamin C dan D terkait Covid-19.


Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Acevedo-Murillo, J. A., M. L. García León, V. Firo-Reyes, J. L. Santiago-Cordova, A. P. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, and R. M. Wong-Chew. 2019. Zinc Supplementation Promotes a Th1 Response and Improves Clinical Symptoms in Fewer Hours in Children With Pneumonia Younger Than 5 Years Old. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Pediatr. Vol 7: 431.

Alexander, J., A. Tinkov, T. A. Strand, U. Alehagen, A. Skalny, et al. 2020. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. Vol 2(8): 2358.

Ang, A., J. M. Pullar, M. J. Currie, M. C. M. Vissers. 2018. Vitamin C and immune cell function

in inflammation and cancer. Biochem Soc Trans. Vol 46(5): 1147-1159.

Azkur, A.K., M. Akdis, D. Azkur, M. Sokolowska, W. Van de Veen, et al. 2020. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy. Vol 75(7): 1564-1581.

Bauer, S, A. Kapoor, M. Rath, and S. Thomas. 2020. What is the role of supplementation with ascorbic acid, zinc, vitamin D, or N-acetylcysteine for prevention or treatment of COVID-19? Cleve Clin J Med.

Carr, A. C. and S. Maggini. 2017. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. Vol 9(11): 1211.

Derbyshire, E. and Delange, J .2020. COVID-19: is there a role for immunonutrition, particularly in the over 65s?. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. Vol 3(1):100–105.

Febriana, L. 2020. Potensi Suplemen dalam Tatalaksana Covid-19. CDK. Vol 48(2): 93-96.

Finzi, E. 2020. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with high dose oral zinc salts: a report on four patients. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Vol 99: 307–309.

Fowler, A. A., J. D. Truwit, R. D. Hite, P. E. Morris, C. DeWilde, et al. 2019. Effect of Vitamin C Infusion on Organ Failure and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Vascular Injury in Patients With Sepsis and Severe Acute Respiratory Failure: The CITRIS-ALI Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. Vol 322(13): 1261–1270.

Gombart AF. The vitamin D-antimicrobial peptide pathway and its role in

protection against infection. Future Microbiol. 2009;4(9):1151-1165.

Grant W. B., H. Lahore, S. L. McDonnell, C. A. Baggerly, C. B. French, et al. 2020. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. Vol 12(4): 988.

Hadizadeh, Fatemeh. 2021. Supplementation with vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic? Nutrition reviews. Vol 79(2): 200–208.

Hemila, H., and E. Chalker. 2013. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Vol 2013(1): CD000980.

Hiedra, R., K. B. Lo, M. Elbashabsheh, F. Gul, R. M. Wright, et al. 2020. The use of IV vitamin C for patients with COVID-19: a case series. Expert Rev. Anti. Ther. Vol 18 : 1259–1261.

Huang, C., Y. Wang, X. Li, L. Ren, J. Zhao, et al. 2020. Clinical features

of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. Vol 395(10223): 497–506.

Ilie, P. C., S. Stefanescu, and L. Smith. 2020. The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clin Exp Res. Vol 32:1195–8.

Kakodkar P, Kaka N, Baig M. 2020. A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Clinical Presentation, and Management of the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cureus 12(4):e7560. DOI 10.7759/cureus.7560.

Kambe, T., A. Hashimoto, S. Fujimoto. 2014. Current understanding of ZIP and ZnT zinc transporters in human health and diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci. Vol 71(17): 3281-95.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2020. Pedoman Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disesase (COVID-19). Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.

Kumar, P., M. Kumar, O. Bedi, M. Gupta, S. Kumar, G. Jaiswal, et al. 2021. Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID‑19. Inflammopharmacology. Vol 10:1–16.

Kumari, P., S. Dembra, P. Dembra, F. Bhawna, A. Gul, et al. 2020. The Role of Vitamin C as Adjuvant Therapy in COVID-19. Cureus. Vol 12(11): e11779.

Lei, G.S., C. Zhang, C. B. H. Cheng, and C. H. Lee. 2017. Mechanisms of action of vitamin D as supplemental therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Vol 61(10): e01226-17.

Lu, R., X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, et al. 2020. Genomic Characterisation and Epidemiology of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Implications For Virus Origins And Receptor Binding. Lancet. 395(10224): 565-574.

Martineau, A. R., D. A. Jolliffe, R. L. Hooper, L. Greenberg, J. F. Aloia, et al. 2017. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). Vol 356: i6583.

Michienzi, S. M., and M. E. Badowski. 2020. Can vitamins and/or supplements provide hope against coronavirus? Drugs in context, 9, 2020-5-7.

Monlezun, D.J. E. A. Bittner, K. B. Christopher, C. A. Camargo, and S. A. Quraishi. 2015. Vitamin D status and

acute respiratory infection: Cross sectional results from the United States National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey, 2001–2006. Nutrients. Vol 7(3): 1933–1944.

Munshi, R., M. H. Hussein, E. A. Toraih, R. M. Elshazali, C. Jardak, et al. 2021. Vitamin D insufficiency as a potential culprit in critical COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. Vol 93(2):733-740.

Name, J. J., Souza, A., Vasconcelos, A. R., Prado, P. S., & Pereira, C. 2020. Zinc, Vitamin D and Vitamin C: Perspectives for COVID-19 With a Focus on Physical Tissue Barrier Integrity. Frontiers in nutrition. Vol 7(606398): 1-14.

Ohaegbulam, K. C., M. Swalih, P. Patel, M. A. Smith, and R. Perrin. 2020. Vitamin D Supplementation in COVID-19 Patients: A Clinical Case Series. American Journal of Therapeutics. Vol 27(5): e485–e490.

Oyagbemi, A. A., T. O. Ajibade, Y. G. Aboua, I. T. Gbadamosi, A. Adedapo, et al. 2021. Potential health benefits of zinc supplementation for the management of COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Food Biochemistry. Vol 45(2): e13604.

Pal, A., Squitti, R., Picozza, M., Pawar, A., Rongioletti, M., Dutta, A. K., Sahoo, S., Goswami, K., Sharma, P., & Prasad, R. (2021). Zinc and COVID-19: Basis of Current Clinical Trials. Biological trace element research, 199(8), 2882–2892.

Panfili, F. M., M Roversi, P. D’Argenio, P. Rossi, M. Cappa, and D. Fintini. 2021. Possible role of vitamin D in Covid‑19 infection in pediatric population. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. Vol 44(1): 27-35.

Persatuan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI). 2002. Pedoman Tatalaksana Covid-19 Edisi 3. Jakarta: PDPI.

Rahman, M. T., and S. Z. Idid. 2021. Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? Biological Trace Element Research. Vol 199(2): 550–558.

Read, S. A., S. Obeid, C. Ahlenstiel, and G. Ahlenstiel. 2019. The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity. Adv Nutr. Vol 10(4):696-710.

Rerksuppaphol, S., and L. Rerksuppaphol. 2019. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Pediatric Reports. Vol 11(2): 7954.

Samad, N., T. E. Sodunke, A. R. Abubakar, I. Jahan, P. Sharma, et al. 2021. The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. Journal of Inflammation Research. Vol 14: 527–550.

Shakoor, H., J. Feehan, A. S. Al Dhaheri, H. I. Ali, C. Platat, et al. 2021. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty

acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. Vol 143.

Sharifi, A., H. Vahedi, S. Nedjat, H. Rafiei, and M. J. Hosseinzadeh-Attar. 2019. Effect of single-dose injection of vitamin D on immune cytokines in ulcerative colitis patients: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. APMIS. 127(10):681-687.681–687.

Skalny, A. V., L. Rink, O. P. Ajsuvakova, M. Aschner, V. A. Gritsenko, et al. 2020. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID19. Int J Mol Med. Vol 46(1): 17–26.

te Velthuis, A. J., S. H. van den Worm, A. C. Sims, R. S. Baric, E. J. Snijder,and M. J. van Hemert. 2010. Zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog. Vol 6(11): e1001176.

Teshome, A., A. Adane, B. Girma, and Z. A. Mekonnen. 2021. The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. Vol 9: 624559.

Wu, D., E. D. Lewis, M. Pae, and S. N. Meydani. 2019. Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance. Frontiers in Immunology. Vol 9(3160): 1-19.

Xu, Y., D. J. Baylink, C-S. Chen, M. E. Reeves, J. Xiao, et al. 2020. The importance of vitamin d metabolism as a potential prophylactic, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective treatment for COVID-19. Journal of Translational Medicine. Vol 18(322): 1-12.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v19i3.34787

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v19i3.34787.g16530

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.




Sitasi manajer:   

 

 

Jurnal ini diindeks dalam:

 

 

View My Stats 

ISSN: 1693-1424

e-ISSN: 2716-3075

 

Farmaka by Universitas Padjadjaran is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Copyright © 2013 Jurnal Farmaka - All Right Reserved