ANALISIS PERMASALAHAN KESEHATAN YANG SERING KALI TERJADI SELAMA KEHAMILAN DAN CARA PENANGANANNYA

GABRIELLA JOSEPHINE MARANATA, Imam Adi Wicaksono

Abstrak


Kehamilan merupakan  hal yang lumrah dialami dan bahkan merupakan suatu masa yang didambakan-dambakan oleh kebanyakan wanita yang telah menikah, dimana terjadinya kehamilan melibatkan serangkaian proses yang kompleks dimulai dari fertilisasi hingga kelahiran. Karena proses kompleks yang terjadi dan berbagai perubahan fisiologi selama kehamilan, pengelolaan kesehatan menjadi hal yang tidak mudah untuk dilakukan, dan bahkan berbagai permasalahan medis sering kali terjadi. Pada studi pustaka ini akan dilakukan pembahasan terkait dengan berbagai permasalahan kesehatan yang sering kali terjadi selama kehamilan meliputi Obesitas dalam kehamilan, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), Hipertiroidisme, Hipotiroidisme, Asma, Anemia, Tromboemboli Vena, Demam, Influenza, serta Konstipasi pada ibu hamil. Pembahasan yang dilakukan dimulai penjelasan singkat terkait penyakit, pengaruh perubahan fisiologis selama kehamilan terhadap perkembangan penyakit, pencegahan, pengobatan, serta penanganan lain yang dapat dilakukan. Melalui pembahasan ini diharapkan bahwa berbagai potensi, kondisi, serta komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi, beserta dengan cara penanganan yang tepat terkait permasalahan kesehatan selama kehamilan dapat diketahui dengan jelas.

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


ACOG. 2015. Obesity in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. Vol. 26. Issue 6.

Agrawal, A., and Wenger, N.K. 2020. Hypertension During Pregnancy. Curr Hypertens Rep. Vol. 22. Issue 64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01070-0

Alexander E, et al. 2017. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. Thyroid. Vol. 2&. Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2016.0457.

Alexander E.K., Marqusee E., Lawrence J., Jarolim P., Fischer G.A., dan Larsen P.R. 2004. Timing and magnitude of increases in levothyroxine requirements during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. Volume 351: 241–49.

Alfadhli, E. 2015. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Saudi Medical Journal. Vol.36 (4), 399–406. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.4.10307

American Diabetes Association. 2019. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. Vol. 42, S165–S172.

Api, O., Breyman, C., Çetiner, M., Demir, C., & Ecder, T. 2015. Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Iron deficiency anemia working group consensus report. Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology. Vol. 12. Issue 3. pp 173–181.

Balsells, M. et al. 2015. Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta- analysis. BMJ. 350, h102

Blais L, Kettani FZ, et al. 2015. Asthma exacerbations during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital malformations: revisiting the association in a large representative cohort. Thorax. Volume 70(7):647–52.

Boots, C. E., Bernardi, L. A., & Stephenson, M. D. 2014. Frequency of euploid miscarriage is increased in obese women with recurrent early pregnancy loss. Fertility and Sterility. 102(2), 455–459. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.05.005

Brown CM, Garovic VD. 2014. Drug treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Drugs. 74(3):283–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0187-7.

Chooi, Y.C., Ding, C., & Magkos, F. 2018. Epidemiologi Obesitas : Metabolisme. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005

Chowdhury, S., Rahman, M., & Moniruddin, A. 2014. Anemia in Pregnancy. Medicine Today, Vol. 26. Issue 1. doi:10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21314

Cirulli, F., Musillo, C., & Berry, A. 2020. Maternal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Brain Development and Mental Health in the Offspring. Neuroscience. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.023

Cozzolino, M., García-Velasco, J. A., Meseguer, M., Pellicer, A., & Bellver, J. 2020. Female obesity increases the risk of miscarriage of euploid embryos. Fertility and Sterility. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.09.139

Crozier T. General care of the pregnant patient in the intensive care unit. 2017. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. Volume 38: 208–17.

De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, et al. 2012. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Volume 97: 2543–65.

Dreier, J. W., Andersen, A. M. & Berg-Beckhof, G. 2014. Systematic review and meta-analyses: fever in pregnancy and health impacts in the ofspring. Pediatrics 133, e674–688, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-3205.

Fisher BG, Thankamony A, Hughes IA, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Acerini CL. 2016. Prenatal paracetamol exposure is associated with shorter anogenital distance in male infants. Hum Reprod;31:2642–50.

Fyfe EM, Thompson JMD, Anderson NH, Groom KM, McCowan LM. 2012. Maternal obesity and postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal and caesarean delivery among nulliparous women at term: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Volume 12(1):1

Green, Alex Stagnaro. (2011). Overt Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 54(3), 478–487.

Grindheim G, Toska K, et al. 2012. Changes in pulmonary function during pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study. BJOG. Volume 119(1):94–101.

Gustavson, K., Ask, H., Ystrom, E., Stoltenberg, C., Lipkin, W. I., Surén, P., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. 2019. Maternal fever during pregnancy and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45920-7

Hartono , Andry, Saputra, Lyndon , Lockhart, Anita . 2014. Asuhan Kebidanan Masa Nifas; Fisiologis & Patologis. Jawa Timur : Binarupa Aksara

Heintze K, Petersen KU. 2013. The case of drug causation of childhood asthma: antibiotics and paracetamol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol;69:1197–209

Hornig, M. et al. 2017.Prenatal fever and autism risk. Mol Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.119 .

Ijas, H. et al. 2011. Metformin should be considered in the treatment of gestational diabetes: a prospective randomised study. BJOG. 118, 880–885.

Jarde, A. et al. 2018. Pregnancy outcomes in women taking probiotics or prebiotics: a systematic review and metaanalysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Volume 18(14).

Khalafallah AA, Dennis AE, Ogden K, Robertson I, Charlton RH, Bellette JM, et al. 2012. Three-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial of intravenous versus oral iron for anaemia in pregnancy. BMJ Open 2012;2

Kim S, Kim J, et al. 2015. Effect of pregnancy in asthma on health care use and perinatal outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. Volume 136(5):1215–23.

Knight M , Tuffnell D , Kenyon S et al . 2015. Saving lives, improving mothers’ care: surveillance of maternal deaths in the UK 2011–13 and lessons learned to inform maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2009–13. Oxford: University of Oxford.

Krassas G, Karras S, Pontikides N. 2015. Thyroid diseases during pregnancy: a number of important issues. Hormones. Volume 14(1):59–69.

Labadzhyan A, Brent G, Hershman J, Leung A. 2014. Thyrotoxicosis of pregnancy. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. Volume 1:140–4.

Lane A, Tarvade S. 2015. Thyroid storm causing placental abruption: cardiovascular and management complications for the Intensivist. J Intens Care Soc. Volume 16(3):247–52.

Liew Z, Ritz B, Virk J, Arah OA, Olsen J. 2016. Prenatal use of acetaminophen and child IQ: a Danish Cohort study. Epidemiology.27:912–8.

Lim, C. C., & Mahmood, T. 2015. Obesity in pregnancy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Volume 29(3), 309–319. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.10.008

Longo LD. 2011. Respiratory gas exchange in the placenta. Compr Physiol. Volume 13:351–401.

McIntyre, H. D., Catalano, P., Zhang, C., Desoye, G., Mathiesen, E. R., & Damm, P. 2019. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. Volume 5(1). doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0098-8

McIntyre, H.D., Catalano, P., Zhang, C. et al. 2019. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5, 47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0098-8

Meek, C. L., Lewis, H. B., Patient, C., Murphy, H. R., & Simmons, D. 2015. Diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: falling through the net. Diabetologia. Volume 58(9), 2003–2012. doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3647-z

Memoli, M. J., Harvey, H., Morens, D. M., & Taubenberger, J. K. 2012. Influenza in pregnancy. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 7(6), 1033–1039.

Ming, WK., Ding, W., Zhang, C.J.P. et al. 2018. The effect of exercise during pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus in normal-weight women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Volume 18, 440. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2068-7

Monroy, A.M.M. 2021. Thyroid Emergency and Pregnancy. In: Montufar, C., Hidalgo, J., Gei, A.F. (eds) Obstetric Catastrophes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70034-8_12

Noronha, J. A., Al Khasawneh, E., Seshan, V., Ramasubramaniam, S., & Raman, S. 2012. Anemia in pregnancy-consequences and challenges: a review of literature. Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4(1), 64-70.

Ojieh AE. 2012. Constipation in pregnancy and the effect of vegetable consumption in different socio-economic class in Warri, Delta state. Journal of Medical and Applied Biosciences. Volume 4: 1-6

Ovesen PG, Jensen DM, Damm P, Rasmussen S, Kesmodel US. 2015. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. A nation-wide study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. doi:10.3109/14767058.2014.966677

Peraçoli, J. C., Borges, V. T. M., Ramos, J. G. L., Cavalli, R. de C., Costa, S. H. de A. M., Oliveira, L. G. de, Cunha Filho, E. V. da. 2019. Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics. Volume 41(05), 318–332. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1687859

Persson, M., Cnattingius, S., Wikström, AK. et al. Maternal overweight and obesity and risk of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. 2016. Diabetologia 59, 2099–2105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4035-z

Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-HesselinkJW, Bauersachs J, Blomström- Lundqvist C, Cífková R, de Bonis M, et al. 2018. ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J. 39:3165–241. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ ehy340.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists . 2015. Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium. RCOG green-top guideline No 37a. London: RCOG

Rungsiprakarn, P., Laopaiboon, M., Sangkomkamhang, U. S., Lumbiganon, P., & Pratt, J. J. (2015). Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011448.pub2

Ryan, D., 2016. How to identify and manage seasonal allergic rhinitis. Journal of Community Nursing, 30(2).

Sacks DA, Hadden DR, Maresh M, Deerochanawong C, Dyer AR, Metzger BE, et al. 2012. Frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus at collaborating centers based on IADPSG consensus panel-recommended criteria: the hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome (HAPO) study. Diabetes Care. Volume 35(3):526–8.

Schellack, N. and Labuschagne, Q. (2014). Overview and management of colds and flu. South African Pharmacy Journal, 81(6), pp.19-26

Schultz ST, Gould GG. 2016. Acetaminophen use for fever in children associated with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Open Access;6:170.

Sembiring, Ligat Pribadi. 2015.Konstipasi pada Kehamilan. JIK, Jilid 9, Nomor 1, Hal. 7-10.

Shen M, Tan H, Zhou S, Smith GN, Walker MC, Wen SW. 2017. Trajectory of blood pressure change during pregnancy and the role of pre-gravid blood pressure: a functional data analysis approach. Sci Rep. Volume 7:6227. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06606-0.

Singh GM, Danaei G, Farzadfar F, et al. 2013. The Age-Specific Quantitative Effects Of Metabolic Risk Factors On Cardiovascular Diseases And Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis. PLoS One. Volume 8(7): e65174.

Song, C., Li, J., Leng, J., Ma, R. C. & Yang, X. 2016. Lifestyle intervention can reduce the risk of gestational diabetes: a meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes. Rev. 17, 960–969.

Sordillo JE, Scirica CV, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW, Bunyavanich S, Camargo Jr CA, Weiss ST, Gold DR, Litonjua AA. 2015. Prenatal and infant exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen and the risk for wheeze and asthma in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol;135:441–8.

Teng, W., Shan, Z., Patil-Sisodia, K., & Cooper, D. S. 2013. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 1(3), 228–237. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70109-8

Thanoon, O., Gharaibeh, A., & Mahmood, T. 2015. The implications of obesity on pregnancy outcome. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine. Volume 25(4), 102–105. doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2015.01.008

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Management of Obesity in Pregnancy. RANZCOG College Statement. 2013.

Tita, A., dan Cantu, J. 2012. Management of Influenza in Pregnancy. American Journal of Perinatology, 30(02), 099–104. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331033

Toda, K. 2017. Is acetaminophen safe in pregnancy? Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 17(1), 445–446.

Trottier M, Erebara A, Bozzo P. 2012. Treating constipation during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician; 58(8): 836-8

Vitner, D., Harris, K., Maxwell, C., & Farine, D. 2018. Obesity in pregnancy: a comparison of four national guidelines. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 1–11. doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1440546

Watanabe, K., Naruse, K., Tanaka, K., Metoki, H., & Suzuki, Y. 2013. Outline of Definition and Classification of “Pregnancy induced Hypertension (PIH).” Hypertension Research in Pregnancy, 1(1), 3–4. doi:10.14390/jsshp.1.3

Wendland EM, Torloni MR, Falavigna M, Trujillo J, Dode MA, Campos MA, et al. 2012. Gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes--a systematic review of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Diabetes in pregnancy study groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Volume 12(23).

Winkler C, Coleman F. 2014. Endocrine emergencies. In: Belfort M, Saade G, Foley M, Phelan J, Dildy G, editors. Critical care obstetrics. 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication. p. 425–37.

World Health Organization. 2021. Obesity and overweight. Diakses secara online pada https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight [Diakses pada tanggal 31 Juli 2022]

YingW, Catov JM, Ouyang P. 2018. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and future maternal cardiovascular risk. JAHA.7:e009382. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009382.

Zerbo, O. et al. 2013. Is maternal infuenza or fever during pregnancy associated with autism or developmental delays? Results from the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) study. J Autism Dev Disord 43, 25–33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1540-

Zhang, C., Rawal, S. & Chong, Y. S. 2016. Risk factors for gestational diabetes: is prevention possible?. Diabetologia. Volume 59, 1385–1390

Zheng, J., Feng, Q., Zheng, S. & Xiao, X. 2018. The effects of probiotics supplementation on metabolic health in pregnant women: an evidence based meta- analysis. PLOS ONE 13, e0197771




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v20i3.42166

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.24198/farmaka.v20i3.42166.g19424

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.




Sitasi manajer:   

 

 

Jurnal ini diindeks dalam:

 

 

View My Stats 

ISSN: 1693-1424

e-ISSN: 2716-3075

 

Farmaka by Universitas Padjadjaran is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Copyright © 2013 Jurnal Farmaka - All Right Reserved