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Review : Superdisintegran dalam Sediaan Oral
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Rute pemberian obat secara oral banyak disukai masyarakat karena memiliki kemudahan dalam penggunaannya namun juga memiliki kelemahan bagi pasien yang mengalami kesulitan menelan sehingga dapat menurunkan kepatuhan pasien serta memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk mencapai efek farmakologis. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dan mempercepat waktu mencapai efek farmakologis, penekanan diberikan pada pengembangan formula baru. Salah satu pendekatan tersebut adalah pengembangan fast dissolving tablets (FDTs). FDT merupakan bentuk sediaan padat yang hancur dan larut di mulut dalam 60 detik atau lebih rendah dan dapat digunakan tanpa air. Dalam formulasi FDT digunakan superdisintegran baik yang berasal dari alam maupun sintesis. Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan infomasi tentang superdisintegran yang biasa digunakan dalam formulasi beserta kelebihan dan kekurangannya, mekanisme kerja superdesintegran dan metode pencampurannya, evaluasi dalam sediaan FDT serta aplikasi penggunaan superdisintegran. Superdisintegran alam dapat berupa polisakarida, mucilago, gum, pati, dan chitosan sedangkan superdisintegran sintetik dapat berupa natrium starch glikolat dan natrium crosscarmellose. Superdisintegran ini memiliki kondisi optimum yang berbeda-beda serta memiliki kekurangan dan kelebihan masing-masing. Secara umum evaluasi sediaan FDT hampir sama dengan evaluasi tablet oral namun hanya persyaratannya saja yang membedakan.
Kata kunci : fast dissolving tablets, superdisintegran, alam, sintesis
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