Teknik Isolasi dan Penentuan Struktur Mangiferin: Senyawa Aktif dari Tanaman Mangga (Mangifera indica L.)

Luluk Luqyana Zahrah Taqiudina Mahdiyah, Ahmad Muhtadi, Aliya Nur Hasanah

Abstrak

Tanaman mangga (Mangifera indica L.) adalah tanaman berbuah musiman yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Secara umum, daun tanaman ini mengandung saponin, alkaloid, fenol, tannin, flavonoid, steroid, diterpene dan glikosida. Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang umum ditemukan dalam tanaman ini adalah mangiferin (2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone), yang termasuk dalam golongan polifenol. Mangiferin memiliki beberapa aktivitas seperti antikanker, antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, dan antihiperlipidemia. Artikel ini membahas teknik isolasi mangiferin dan elusidasi strukturnya yang dilakukan dengan kombinasi spektrofotometri infra merah, Kromatografi Cair-Spektroskopi Massa (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/LC-MS), dan spektroskopi Resonansi Magnetik Inti (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance/NMR) baik berupa 1H-NMR ataupun 13C-NMR. Metode yang digunakan adalah review pustaka dengan pustaka yang digunakan sebanyak 34 artikel yang berasal dari jurnal internasional. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu isolasi mangiferin dari tanaman mangga dapat dilakukan dengan metode refluks, soxhletasi, partisi tiga fase atau dengan bantuan microwave. Dari hasil tersebut, ditemukan bahwa ekstraksi dengan bantuan microwave memberikan persentase mangiferin lebih tinggi dari metode lain. Tetapi, penggunaan skala besar masih jarang dilakukan karena kemampuan penetrasi microwave yang rendah sehingga ada kemungkinan pemanasan kurang merata.

Kata Kunci

Tanaman Mangga, Mangiferin, Isolasi, Elusidasi Struktur

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/mfarmasetika.v5i4.27238

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