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Peptida Antimikrobial Cathelicidin dan Liposom sebagai Pembawa
Abstrak
Peptida antimikrobial (PAM) dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah menarik perhatian di kalangan ilmuwan, profesional kesehatan, dan perusahaan farmasi karena potensi terapeutiknya yang sangat luas. Cathelicidin merupakan salah satu kelompok dari PAM dengan berat molekul rendah yang mempunyai berbagai aktivitas biologis pada rentang terapi tertentu yang berfungsi sebagai antimikrobial, antivirus, dan antijamur, serta dapat memodulasi sistem imum terhadap infeksi bakteri (gram positif dan gram negatif). Walaupun menarik untuk aplikasi klinis, cathelicidin memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal stabilitas dan aktivitasnya secara in-vivo, serta interaksi non-spesifik dengan membran biologis inang yang mengarah pada efek sitotoksik yang merugikan. Enkapsulasi cathelicidin dapat mengakibatkan penurunan sitotoksisitas, meningkatkan stabilitas dan aktivitas biologisnya. Keterbatasan cathelicidin dapat diatasi dengan mengenkapsulasi cathelicidin dalam pembawa lipid seperti liposom. Review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran singkat mengenai struktur, sifat, fungsi, uji klinis, dan keterbatasan dari cathelicidin yang mana keterbatasan cathelicidin ini dapat di atasi dengan pembawa vesikular salah satunya adalah liposom. Liposom merupakan pembawa vesikular generasi pertama yang bersifat non-toksik, biodegradable, biokompatibel, dan stabil dalam larutan koloid sistem penghantaran obat. Sistem liposom dapat melindungi peptida yang dienkapsulasi dari degradasi protease. Selain itu, pembawa liposom disajikan sebagai alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk mengoptimalkan pemberian cathelicidin dalam hal dosis, pola pengiriman, dan keamanan.
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