Review Sinergisitas Kombinasi Polimer Alami Serta Pemanfaatan dalam Formulasi Obat

Viviane Annisa, Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman, Akhmad Kharis Nugroho, Agung Endro Nugroho

Abstrak

Pengetahuan tentang sinergisme bermanfaat untuk menentukan kombinasi polimer alami yang memberikan efek menguntungkan ketika dikombinasikan. Interaksi yang saling menguntungkan antar polimer alami dapat dilihat dari nilai sinergisitas dari data pengujian viskositas. Kombinasi polimer yang memiliki efek sinergi dapat memberikan banyak kegunaan serta manfaat yang besar dalam pengembangan teknologi formulasi obat sehingga dapat mengatasi kekurangan yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing zat aktif obat. Pada studi ini, dilakukan review artikel tentang sinergisme kombinasi polimer, pengaruh kation sebagai cross-linker, serta aplikasi kombinasi alginat dengan polimer alami dalam formulasi sediaan obat dan aspek farmakologinya. Database yang digunakan untuk mengambil referensi, meliputi Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Schoolar. Tipe data dari database meliputi jurnal, artikel review, maupun buku tanpa ada pembatasan tahun. Referensi yang diperoleh dari database lalu diidentifikasi, dianalisis, dan dipilih yang sesuai dengan topik yang akan direview. Formulasi dengan polimer menghasilkan obat dengan pelepasan terkontrol, yang memiliki keuntungan, yakni dapat menurunkan frekuensi pemberian dosis, menurunkan efek samping obat, meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhan pasien, menurunkan fluktuasi, serta memperlama durasi aksi obat, dan memastikan respon farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik dapat reprodusibel dan diprediksi. Selain itu, polimer dapat pula dimodifikasi sedemikian rupa untuk menjadi sistem penghantaran obat tertarget pada organ tertentu. Polimer alami yang paling banyak digunakan dan dikombinasikan dengan polimer lain adalah alginat karena memiliki struktur dengan banyak gugus negatif berupa karboksil dan hidroksil sehingga memiliki berbagai keuntungan, seperti dapat meningkatkan kelarutan obat, meningkatkan kemampuan mukoadesif, melepaskan obat secara terkontrol, serta menghantarkan obat pada target organ tertentu.

Kata Kunci

Alginat; tautan silang; sinergisitas polimer; formulasi polimer; kombinasi polimer alami

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/mfarmasetika.v6i5.35935

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