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Hubungan Jenis Kelamin terhadap Eksipien Farmasi dalam Mempengaruhi Bioavailabilitas Obat
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Penentuan bioavailabilitas suatu obat menjadi parameter penting untuk mengetahui jumlah serta kecepatan obat diabsropsi dalam tubuh. Diketahui bahwa pria dan wanita memiliki respon yang berbeda dalam menerima obat, selain itu perbedaan perilaku obat juga disebabkan oleh variabilitas antar individu. Dalam pembuatan produk obat, bahan aktif farmasi secara rutin diformulasikan dengan berbagai eksipien, oleh karena itu penentuan eksipien juga merupakan parameter kritis dalam suatu produk obat. Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk memuat bukti mengenai hubungan jenis kelamin terhadap pengaruh eksipien farmasi pada transporter P-glikoprotein (P-gp) dalam mempengaruhi bioavailabilitas obat. Sebanyak 54 artikel selama sepuluh tahun terakhir diperoleh secara elektronik melalui situs PubMed dan Google Scholar. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan peningkatan bioavailabilitas obat dengan traspoerter P-gp hanya terjadi pada subjek tikus jantan dan atau subjek manusia pria. Hal tersebut dikarenakan protein dan kelimpahan mRNA yang lebih tinggi pada jaringan usus kecil pria bila dibandingkan dengan wanita di lokasi yang sama. Dengan demikian, studi ini harus dipertimbangkan secara hati-hati terhadap ko-formulasi eksipien farmasi dengan obat-obatan yang merupakan substrat P-gp.
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