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Kajian Tingkat Iritasi Surfaktan Berdasarkan Nilai Zein pada Sediaan Body Wash
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Body wash merupakan salah satu sediaan kosmetik pembersih yang umum digunakan untuk membersihkan tubuh yang mengandung surfaktan sebagai salah satu bahan utamanya. Surfaktan sebagai bahan utama yang digunakan dalam sediaan body wash memiliki manfaat sebagai pembasah, pembersih, dan bahan pembusa. Mekanisme surfaktan dalam membersihkan kotoran di kulit yaitu berikatan dengan stratum korneum. Penggunaan surfaktan dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan keratin dalam korneosit, kerusakan struktural pada stratum korneum, meningkatkan Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) dan denaturasi protein, sehingga diperlukan sediaan pembersih yang mengandung surfaktan yang aman dan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Penulisan kajian pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan surfaktan dalam mempertahankan stabilitas busa guna membersihkan kotoran di permukaan kulit dan juga mengetahui tingkat iritasi surfaktan berdasarkan nilai zein pada formulasi sediaan body wash. Kajian pustaka ini dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian secara komparatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber pustaka yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan kriteria eksklusi. Hasil dari kajian pustaka menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan mengalami peningkatan stabilitas busa ketika dikombinasikan dengan polimer ataupun saponin dari ekstrak tanaman. Pengujian potensi iritasi surfaktan dengan kombinasi dari berbagai jenis surfaktan anionik, amfoterik, dan non ionik dengan penambahan beberapa zat seperti polimer, ekstrak tanaman, ekstrak dari fermentasi Bacillus, talkum ataupun penambahan alkil poliglukosida menghasilkan potensi iritasi yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan surfaktan tunggal.
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