Evaluasi Penggunaan dan Efektivitas Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Pasien Bedah Sesar di Rumah Sakit Surakarta Tahun 2010

Abstract

Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis pada operasi bedah sesar dapat mengurangi risiko infeksi yang
berhubungan dengan komplikasi dan infeksi pascaoperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
gambaran dan ketepatan penggunaan serta efektivitas antibiotik profilaksis pada pasien bedah sesar pada
dua rumah sakit di Surakarta tahun 2010. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan
data rekam medis secara retrospektif. Analisis dilakukan terhadap penggunaan antibiotik yang meliputi
ketepatan antibiotik dibandingkan dengan ketepatan dosis dan  waktu pemberian berdasarkan standar
WHO. Sebanyak 200 pasien yang diteliti, ditemukan 76% berusia 20–35 tahun, usia kehamilan sudah
cukup bulan (90,5%), lama perawatan di rumah sakit lebih dari 5 hari (46,5%), dan indikasi terbanyak
bedah sesar adalah ketuban pecah dini (29%). Antibiotik profilaksis yang digunakan adalah ampisilin
(24%), ampisilin-sulbaktam (23%), seftriakson (19,5%), sefotaksim (16%), amoksisilin-klavulanat
(11%), dan  sefazolin (6,5%). Ditemukan kesesuaian pemilihan obat dengan standar WHO (30,5%),
yang meliputi tepat dosis (6,5%) dan tepat waktu pemberian (52%). Penggunaan antibiotik 100% efektif
untuk mencegah luka infeksi setelah operasi.  
Kata kunci: Antibiotik, bedah sesar, profilaksis
Evaluation of the Use and Effectiveness of Antibiotics for Prophylactic in
Patients with Cesarean Section  at Hospitals in Surakarta in 2010
Abstract
The use of antibiotics for prophylactic in sectio cesarean can reduce the risk of infection-related
complications and postoperative infections. This study aims to describe and evaluate the usage  and the
effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section  patients in two hospitals in Surakarta in
year 2010. The study used retrospective data from medical records. The analysis was then conducted on
the use of antibiotic including the appropriateness of antibiotic (compare to the standard of WHO), the
appropriateness of dose and the time of administration. The data from two hundred of patients  showed
that 76% of patients were between 20–35 years old and the patients with aterm pregnancy were 90.5%,
46.5% of patients had the length of stay in hospital more than 5 days and 29% of cesarean delivery
indicated by amniotic premature rupture. Antibiotics that used for prophylactic were ampicillin (24%),
ampicillin-sulbactam (23%), ceftriaxone (19.5%), cefotaxime (16%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (11%),
and cefazolin (6.5%). It was found that 30,5% of drugs were selected based on standard,  6.5% of drugs
were given in the appropriate  dose and 52% of drugs were administrated on-time. In conclusion, the
antibiotics are 100% effective to prevent the incidence of surgical wound infection.
Key words: Antibiotics, cesarean section, prophylactic