Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Kombinasi Antipsikotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap Skizofrenia
Abstract
Skizofrenia merupakan salah satu gangguan jiwa dengan biaya tinggi dan risiko morbiditas seusia hidup. Studi farmakoekonomi pada pasien skizofrenia perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi pemilihan kombinasi antipsikotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas biaya (cost-effectiveness) penggunaan kombinasi antipsikotik klozapin-haloperidol dan klozapin-risperidon pada pasien skizofrenia rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012–2013. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien yang meliputi komponen biaya langsung, antara lain biaya terapi antipsikotik, biaya penunjang, biaya tindakan medis, biaya rawat inap, dan biaya administrasi. Rata-rata rasio efektivitas biaya pada kombinasi antipsikotik klozapin-haloperidol sebesar Rp126.898/hari sedangkan pada kombinasi klozapin-risperidon sebesar Rp132.781/hari. Dengan mempertimbangkan waktu rawat inap sebagai efektivitas terapi, kombinasi antipsikotik klozapin-haloperidol lebih cost-effective dibandingkan klozapin-risperdion.
Kata kunci: Antipsikotik, cost-effectiveness analysis, farmakoekonomi, haloperidol, klozapin, risperidon, skizofrenia
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antipsychotic Combination Therapy in Schizophrenia Inpatients
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of mental disorders with high cost and lifetime morbidity risk. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the cost-effectiveness of various combinations of antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the most cost-effective group of antipsychotic combinations in schizophrenia inpatients in West Java Psychiatric Hospital during 2012–2013. Data were collected retrospectively from medical record of patients who used antipsychotics clozapine-haloperidol or clozapine-risperidone therapy. Direct medical costs were obtained from antipsychotics costs, costs of medical treatment, medical expenses, hospitalization costs, and administrative costs. The results showed that the average cost-effectiveness ratio of antipsychotic clozapine-haloperidol was Rp126.898/day and Rp132.781/day for the combination of clozapine-haloperidol and clozapine-risperidone, respectively. Considering length of stay as the therapy effectiveness, it can be concluded that the combination of clozapine-haloperidol is more cost-effective than clozapine-risperidone.
Keywords: Antipsychotic, clozapine, cost-effectiveness analysis, haloperidol, pharmacoeconomics, risperidone, schizophrenia
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2017.6.1.61
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