Pengaruh Pemberian Steroid sebagai Terapi Tambahan terhadap Rata-Rata Lama Pasien Dirawat di Rumah Sakit dan Tanda Klinis pada Anak dengan Pneumonia
Abstract
Terapi steroid pada anak dengan pneumonia merupakan terapi tambahan yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai penghambat inflamasi yang menekan ekspresi sitokin proinflamasi dan berpotensi mencegah respon inflamasi. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan pemberian steroid tidak memberikan pengaruh dalam pengobatan pada pasien pneumonia, tetapi pada penelitian lain menunjukkan pemberian steroid mengurangi rata-rata lamanya pasien dirawat di rumah sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian steroid terhadap rata-rata lamanya pasien dirawat di rumah sakit (LoS) dan tanda klinis pasien anak dengan pneumonia. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode prospektif yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Yogyakarta pada bulan September 2015 hingga Januari 2016. Lima puluh satu pasien digunakan sebagai subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 kelompok yakni kelompok non-steroid terdiri dari 25 pasien dan kelompok steroid terdiri dari 26 pasien. Kelompok non-steroid dan steroid masing-masing memiliki nilai rata-rata lamanya pasien dirawat di rumah sakit 5 (3–10) hari dan 4 (3–10) hari. Durasi tanda klinis pasien kelompok steroid dan kelompok non-steroid berturut-turut adalah 2 (0–6) hari dan 2 (0–7) hari untuk demam, batuk 4 (1–10) hari dan 5 (2–10) hari, sesak 1 (0–5) hari dan 1 (0–10) hari, retraksi 1 (0–5) hari dan 1 (0–9) hari. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah steroid sebagai terapi tambahan memberikan efek yang tidak berbeda bermakna terhadap nilai length of stay dan tanda klinis pasien anak dengan pneumonia.
Kata kunci: Anak, length of stay, pneumonia, steroid
Steroids Effect as Adjuvant Therapy toward Length of Stay and Clinical Symptoms in Pediatric with Pneumonia
Steroid therapy in children with pneumonia is an adjuvant therapy that has inhibitor inflammatory activity which can suppress the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and potentially prevent the inflammatory response. Some studies showed that steroids did not give beneficial effects in the treatment of patients with pneumonia, while the other studies showed that steroids can reduce the length of stay in hospital. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of steroid on the length of stay and clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with pneumonia. This was an observational study with a prospective method in patients with pneumonia in PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital Yogyakarta from September 2015 until January 2016. Fifty one patients participated as subjects of this study. This study consisted of two groups, which were non-steroid group (n=25) and steroid group (n=26). Group of non-steroid and steroid had average value of length of stay of 5 (3–10) days and 4 (3–10) days, respectively. The duration of clinical symptoms of patients in the steroid and non-steroid group in a row was 2 (0–6) days and 2 (0–7) days for symptoms of fever, 4 (1–10) days and 5 (2–10) days for symptoms of cough, 1 (0–5) days and 1 (0–10) days for symptoms of shortness, and 1 (0–5) days and 1 (0–9) days for symptoms of retraction. The conclusion of this study is steroid has not given significant effects on the length of stay and clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with pneumonia.
Keywords: Length of stay, pediatric, pneumonia, steroid
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2017.6.3.181
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