Illness Perceptions and Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Abstract
One of the treatment objectives in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is improving their quality of life (QoL). Illness perceptions are major determinant of QOL. This study was aimed to evaluate the QoL of T2DM patients with complications, and to examine the correlation between patients’ illness perceptions and QoL. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a private hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia from July to September 2015. We recruited adult patients with a diagnosis of T2DM with complications (ICD E.11) that has been diagnosed for at least 3 months. Illness perceptions were assessed with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and diabetes type 2 specific QoL with the Diabetes Quality of Life for Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation test. We recruited 51 T2DM patients. Female patients were dominant and most of the subjects experienced T2DM more than 5 years. The BIPQ scores indicated that patients had positive perceptions about T2DM and the treatment in all domains, except for coherence. Scores on the DQLCTQ showed that T2DM patients’ QoL is good, except for the self satisfaction and treatment effect. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between BIPQ dimensions of personal control, treatment control and coherence and QoL domains (p<0.01). Moreover, the strong negative correlation were observed between consequences, concern and emotional response and QoL domains (p<0.01). However, 92% correlations are weak. Illness perceptions are correlated with T2DM patients’ QoL. Interventions aimed to get more adaptive illness perceptions may impact positively on QoL.
Keywords: BIPQ, DQLCTQ, illness perceptions, Indonesia, QoL, T2DM
Persepsi terhadap Penyakit dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Salah satu tujuan terapi DM tipe 2 adalah memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien. Persepsi terhadap penyakit merupakan penentu utama dari kualitas hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kualitas hidup pasien pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan komplikasi serta mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi pasien dan kualitas hidup. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang dilakukan di rumah sakit swasta di Yogyakarta. Subjek yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien DM tipe 2 dewasa dengan komplikasi yang terdiagnosa minimal 3 bulan sebelum penelitian ini dimulai (ICD E11). Kualitas hidup diukur dengan Diabetes Quality of Life for Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ) dan persepsi pasien diukur dengan Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). Sejumlah 51 pasien DM tipe 2 dengan komplikasi turut berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini dari bulan Juli sampai September 2015. Mayoritas subjek adalah wanita dan sebagian besar pasien mengalami DM tipe 2 lebih dari 5 tahun. Skor domain BIPQ memperlihatkan bahwa pasien DM tipe 2 mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap penyakit dan pengobatannya pada semua domain kecuali koherensi. Skor domain DQLCTQ memperlihatkan bahwa pasien mempunyai kualitas hidup yang baik, kecuali domain kepuasan pribadi dan efek terapi (berturut-turut 55,6 dan 44,3). Korelasi kuat yang positif terlihat pada domain persepsi kontrol diri, kontrol terapi dan koherensi dengan semua domain kualitas hidup (p<0,01). Korelasi kuat yang negatif terlihat pada domain konsekuensi, kekhawatiran dan respon emosi dengan kualitas hidup (p<0,01). Sejumlah 92% korelasi BIPQ dan DQLCTQ adalah lemah. Persepsi pasien dan komplikasi dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Intervensi yang bersifat memperbaiki persepsi pasien akan berdampak positif terhadap kualitas hidup.
Kata kunci: BIPQ, DM tipe 2, DQLCTQ, Indonesia, kualitas hidup, persepsi
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2017.6.3.190
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