Pengukuran Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Hipertensi pada Pasien Hipertensi di Kota Bandung: Sebuah Studi Pendahuluan
Abstract
Hipertensi merupakan penyebab umum dalam peningkatan angka mortalitas dan mobiditas di masyarakat. Selain merupakan silent killer, prevalensi penyakit ini semakin meningkat di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia 25,8% dan Jawa Barat berada di peringkat keempat dengan prevalensi 29,4%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan pasien hipertensi terkait penyakit yang dideritanya. Studi ini merupakan penelitian observasional menggunakan rancangan potong lintang dan dilakukan pada bulan Juni–Oktober 2017 di Apotek Pendidikan Universitas Padjadjaran, Kota Bandung. Sejumlah seratus lima puluh responden mengisi kuesioner yang telah divalidasi setelah menandatangani informed consent terlebih dahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 56,7% dari responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, 40% dari responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup, dan 3,3% dari responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang. Data kemudian diolah secara statistik sehingga diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antara setiap kelompok responden terhadap sosiodemografi dan karakteristik klinis pasien. Hanya sekitar 50% responden yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, pasien yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup dan kurang umumnya adalah pasien dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah dan menderita hipertensi kurang dari lima tahun.
Kata kunci: Fasilitas kesehatan primer, hipertensi, tingkat pengetahuan
Assessment of Knowledge on Hypertension among Hypertensive Patients in Bandung City: A Preliminary Study
Hypertension is a common health problems that can increase the mortality and mobility rate in the community. As a silent killer, the prevalence of this disease is increasing worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 25.8% and West Java is ranked at top four with prevalence of 29.4%. This study aimed to measure the level of knowledge of hypertensive patients about their disease. This study was an observational study using cross-sectional design in June–October 2017 at Apotek Pendidikan Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung City. A total of one hundred and fifty respondents completed a validated questionnaire after signing informed consent. The results showed that 56.7% of respondents have “good” level of knowledge, 40% of respondents have “moderate” level of knowledge, and 3.3% of respondents have “poor” level of knowledge. Data were analyzed statistically, the results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between each group of respondents to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Only fifty percent of respondents have “good” level of knowledge, patients who have “moderate” and “poor” level of knowledge generally are patients with low levels of education and suffer from hypertension less than five years.
Keywords: Hypertension, level of knowledge, primary health care
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Sinnott SJ, Smeeth L, Williamson E, Douglas IJ. Trends for prevalence and incidence of resistant hypertension: Population based cohort study in the UK 1995–2015. BMJ. 2017;358:j3984. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3984
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset kesehatan dasar Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2013.
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;24430. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006
Irazola VE, Gutierrez L, Bloomfield GS, Carrillo-Larco RM, Dorairaj P, Gaziano T, et al. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in selected communities of nine low and middle income countries: Results from the NHLBI/UHG network of centers of excellence for chronic diseases. Glob Heart. 2016;11(1):47–59. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2015.12.008
Gebrihet TA, Mesgna KH, Gebregiorgis YS, Kahsay AB, Weldehaweria NB, Weldu MG. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension is low among adults in Aksum town, northern Ethiopia: A sequential quantitative-qualitative study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(5):e0176904. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176904
Qisthi D, Wiwaha G, Martakusumah AH, Setiawati EP. Level of knowledge about hypertension in Cilayung village district, Jatinangor, Sumedang. Althea Med J. 2015;2(1):138–42. doi: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.449
Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Barat. Profil kesehatan Jawa Barat. Bandung: Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Barat; 2015.
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Profil kesehatan Kota Bandung. Bandung: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung; 2016.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults report from the panel members appointed to the eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). J Am Med Assoc. 2014;311(5):507–20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.284427
Amen MR. Assessment of hypertensive patients’ knowledge about lifestyle risk factors and warning signs of stroke. J Contemp Med Sci. 2016;2(5):28–32.
Shravani K, Parmar MY, Macharla R, Mateti UV, Martha S. Risk factor assessment of stroke and its awareness among stroke survivors: A prospective study. Adv Biomed Res. 2015;4:187. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.164011
Mezuk B, Kershaw KN, Hudson D, Lim KA, Ratliff S. Job strain, workplace discrimination, and hypertension among older workers: The health and retirement study. Race Soc Probl. 2011;3(1):38–50. doi: 10.1007/s12552-011-9041-7
Olesen K, Carneiro IG, Jørgensen MB, Rugulies R, Rasmussen CDN, Søgaard K, et al. Associations between psychosocial work environment and hypertension among non-Western immigrant and Danish cleaners. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012;85(7):829–35. doi: 10.1007/s00420-011-0728-2
Motlagh SFZ, Chaman R, Ghafari SR, Parisay Z, Golabi MR, Eslami AA, et al. Knowledge, treatment, control, and risk factors for hypertension among adults in Southern Iran. Int J Hypertens. 2015;2015:89707. doi: 10.1155/2015/897070
Ewald DR, Lauren AH. Risk factors in adolescent hypertension. Glob Pediatr Health. 2016;3:2333794X15625159. doi: 10.1177/2333794X15625159
Butler MG. Pediatric hypertension: Genetic of hypertension-current status. J Med Liban. 2010;58(3):17–8. PMCID: PMC5132177
Tientcheu D, Ayers C, Das SR, McGuire DK, de Lemos JA, Khera A, et al. Target organ complications and cardiovascular events associated with masked hypertension and white-coat hypertension: Analysis from the Dallas heart study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(20):2159–69. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.007
Ogah OS, Okpechi I, Chukwuonye II, Akinyemi JO, Onwubere BJC, Falase AO, et al. Blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension and hypertension related complications in Nigerian Africans: A review. World J Cardiol. 2012;4(12):327–40. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i12.327
Jiang B, Liu H, Ru X, Zhang H, Wu S, Wang W. Hypertension detection, management, control and associated factors among residents accessing community health services in Beijing. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4845. doi: 10.1038/srep04845
Viera AJ, Cohen LW, Mitchell CM, Sloane PD. High blood pressure knowledge among primary care patients with known hypertension: A North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) study. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2008;21(4):300–8. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2008.04.070254
Saengsuwan J, Suangpho P, Tiamkao S. Knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs in patients with recurrent stroke or recurrent transient ischaemic attack in Thailand. Neurol Res Int. 2017;2017:8215726. doi: 10.1155/2017/82157 26
Lu CH, Tang ST, Lei YX, Zhang MQ, Lin WQ, Ding SH, et al. Community-based interventions in hypertensive patients: A comparison of three health education strategies. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:33. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1401-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2017.6.4.290
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is indexed by
