Pengaruh Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon untuk Mengurangi Dampak Buruk akibat Penggunaan Narkotika
Abstract
Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon (PTRM) merupakan salah satu program pengurangan dampak buruk (harm reduction) akibat penggunaan narkotika. Tujuan dari PTRM adalah mengurangi perilaku berisiko akibat penggunaan narkotika secara suntik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PTRM bagi pasien pengguna narkotika yang mengikuti PTRM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober–Desember tahun 2012 di satelit pelayanan PTRM di DIY. Subjek penelitian yang dilibatkan adalah seluruh pasien aktif PTRM hingga tahun 2012 yang telah mengikuti PTRM minimal 1 bulan. Pasien yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah 32 pasien. Indikator pencapaian dampak PTRM dari setiap parameter dampak PTRM yang diukur berupa persentase tidak menggunakan narkoba, penurunan penggunaan narkoba, tidak menggunakan jarum suntik, tidak menggunakan jarum suntik secara bergantian, tidak terlibat dalam tindak kriminal, berkurangnya perilaku kriminal, membaiknya status pekerjaan, membaiknya kondisi tempat tinggal, mendapatkan dukungan keluarga, dan meningkatnya dukungan keluarga. Sebanyak 97% pasien tidak menggunakan jarum suntik secara bergantian dan tidak terlibat dalam tindak kriminal sejak mengikuti PTRM. PRTM memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pengurangan penggunaan narkotika, perilaku berisiko, dan tindakan kriminalitas, serta meningkatkan produktivitas peserta PTRM.
Kata kunci: Harm reduction, metadon, narkotika, PTRM
Effect of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program for Reducing Drug Related Harm
Abstract
Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program (MMTP) is one of harm reduction programs which aim to reduce behavior risk due to injecting narcotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of MMTP on patients using narcotics who participated in MMTP. This research was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in the period of October–December 2012 on the MMTP satellite services in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects involved were all active MMTP patients until 2012 who had attended MMTP for at least 1 month. Thirty-two patients voluntarily participated in this study. Some indicators used to measure the impact of MMTP on patients, including a reduction in drug use, risk behavior, and crime, as well as better productivity, housing conditions, and family support. A total of 97% patients did not share needles and not involved in criminal activities since joined the MMTP. There was a significant positive relationship between MMTP services with the impact of MMTP on patients, such as reduction in drug use, risk behavior, and crime, along with increased productivity.
Keywords: Drug, harm reduction, MMTP, methadone
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2018.7.4.294
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