Masalah Farmasetika dan Interaksi Obat pada Resep Racikan Pasien Pediatri: Studi Retrospektif pada Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Di Indonesia, masih banyak dokter yang memberikan obat dalam bentuk racikan. Peracikan obat menjadi perhatian karena banyak munculnya kejadian yang tidak dikehendaki seperti masalah farmasetika dan interaksi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis masalah farmasetika (inkompatibilitas) dan interaksi obat pada resep racikan pasien pediatri rawat jalan di salah satu rumah sakit di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian ini adalah gabungan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data diproses melalui software Lexicomp atau Drug Interactions Checker. Data  kualitatif  dalam bentuk triangulasi diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam, telaah resep dan observasi lapangan. Data yang diambil menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 506 lembar resep racikan rawat jalan periode Januari–Agustus 2016. Informan terdiri dari dua orang dokter spesialis dan dua orang apoteker. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat masalah farmasetika (inkompatibilitas) sebesar 3,4% (17 lembar resep), masalah interaksi obat sebesar 45,1% (228 lembar resep), dan total interaksi obat sebanyak 329 interaksi obat. Persepsi dokter terkait masalah inkompatibilitas dan interaksi obat yaitu masalah-masalah yang terjadi disebabkan oleh masalah ketersediaan obat. Masalah farmasetika dan interaksi obat pada resep racikan dapat dihindari apabila ada informasi dari bagian farmasi mengenai obat yang ada interaksi dan obat yang tidak boleh diracik.

Kata kunci: Inkompatibilitas, interaksi obat, pediatri, resep racikan

Pharmaceutics and Drug Interaction Problems in Pediatric Patients Prescription: Retrospective Study at a Hospital in Bogor District

Abstract
In Indonesia, many physicians still provide a lot of medicine in the form of compounding. Drug compounding is of concern considering the occurrence of unwanted events such as pharmaceutical problems and drug interactions that it caused. This study aimed to analyze the pharmaceutics problems (incompatibility) and drug interactions on compounding prescription of pediatric outpatients in one of the hospitals in Bogor district. This study used quantitative and qualitative research method. The data was processed through Lexicomp software or Drug Interactions Checker. Qualitative data in the form of triangulation was obtained from in-depth interviews, prescription analysis and observations. A total of 506 compounding prescriptions collected through total sampling in the period of January–August 2016. Informants consisting of two specialists and two pharmacists. Results of the analysis showed pharmaceutics problem (incompatibility) found was 3.4% (17 recipe sheets), problem of drug interaction was 45.1% (228 prescriptions), and the total of drug interactions were 329 drug interactions. Doctor’s perception was that the availability of drugs is the root of problems related with incompatibilities and drug interactions. Pharmaceutical problem and drug interactions in compounding prescriptions can be avoided provided that there is clear information from the pharmacy department regarding drug interactions and drugs that should not be compounded.

Keywords: Compounding prescription, drug interaction, incompatibility, pediatrics