Studi Efektivitas Profilaksis Cefazolin terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Bakteri Pascaoperasi: Studi pada Pasien Patah Tulang Panjang Terbuka Grade I dan Grade II di RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang
Abstract
Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis sebelum tindakan bedah telah terbukti dapat mengurangi angka kejadian infeksi setelah operasi. Antibiotik profilaksis dianjurkan hanya untuk tindakan dengan kejadian infeksi yang tinggi dan tindakan dengan konsekuensi infeksi yang sangat serius. Kasus patah tulang terbuka merupakan kejadian infeksi yang sangat serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas profilaksis cefazolin terhadap pertumbuhan koloni bakteri 24, 48, dan 72 jam pascaoperasi. Metode pada penelitian ini merupakan metode observasional secara kohort prospektif yang dilakukan di RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang selama Januari–Juni 2018 dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Penilaian efektivitas cefazolin berdasarkan pertumbuhan jumlah koloni bakteri dan sensitivitas bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Hasil pemeriksaan kultur luka operasi pada 30 subjek grade I dan grade II, terdapat 43 koloni bakteri positif yaitu coagulase-negative Staphylococcus dari total 43 koloni bakteri yang tumbuh sehingga mencapai sensitivitas (100%) pada 24 jam pascaoperasi, sedangkan pemeriksaan kultur 48 jam dan 72 jam pascaoperasi tidak terdapat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penggunaan profilaksis cefazolin efektif dalam menurunkan pertumbuhan koloni bakteri 24, 48, dan 72 jam pascaoperasi.
Kata kunci: Antibiotik profilaksis, cefazolin, patah tulang terbuka
Effectiveness of Cefazolin Prophylaxis on the Growth of Postoperative Bacterial Colony: Study on Grade I and Grade II Open Fracture Patients at Saiful Anwar General Hospital
Abstract
The use of prophylactic antibiotics before surgery has been shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended only for procedures with high infection incidence and procedures with very serious infection consequences. The case of open fractures has a very serious infection risk. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of cefazolin prophylaxis against bacterial colony growth of 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively. This was a prospective cohort study conducted in RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang from January to June 2018 using total sampling. Assessment of cefazolin effectiveness was based on the amount of bacterial colony growth and bacterial sensitivity growth to antibiotics. On the examination result of wound culture on 30 grade I and II subjects after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively, there were 7 positive isolated specimens of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with bacterial colony of 7 (100%) for 24 hours postoperatively while culture examination for 48 hours and 72 hours postoperatively did not have bacterial growth (100% sensitivity). It was concluded that the use of cefazolin prophylaxis was effective in reducing the growth of bacterial colony for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively.
Keywords: Cefazolin, open fractures, prophylaxis antibiotic
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.1.1
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