Hubungan Pemilihan Obat dan Keberhasilan Terapi Pasien Rheumatoid Arthritis

Shifa A. Savitri, Pudjiastuti Kartidjo, Andri R. Rahmadi, Suci N. Vikasari

Abstract


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) adalah penyakit autoimun yang ditandai inflamasi kronik sistemik dan menyerang berbagai jaringan terutama sendi. Pertimbangan utama dalam pemilihan jenis obat RA adalah keberhasilan terapi dan efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan pemilihan jenis obat dan keberhasilan terapi RA pada pasien rawat jalan di salah satu rumah sakit di Bandung. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik cross-sectional, dimulai dengan mengumpulkan data secara retrospektif pada 30 pasien usia produktif yang melakukan terapi RA selama tiga bulan menggunakan metilprednisolon, metotreksat, kombinasi keduanya, atau dengan obat lain. Evaluasi keberhasilan terapi dilakukan dengan membandingkan keberhasilan perbaikan nilai Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) sebelum dan setelah terapi, dan monitoring efek samping dilihat dari kadar hemoglobin, laju endap darah, jumlah trombosit, dan leukosit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 90% pasien yang berobat memperoleh terapi metilprednisolon tunggal dan/atau kombinasi dengan metotreksat atau Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) lain. Pasien yang menerima metilprednisolon tunggal dan metotreksat tunggal mengalami penurunan nilai DAS28 sebanyak 26,8% dan 15,4% jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi awal (sebelum terapi). Pasien yang menggunakan kombinasi metotreksat, metilprednisolon, dan DMARDs lain mengalami peningkatan kadar hemoglobin tertinggi sebesar 3,51% dan penggunaan metotreksat tunggal dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin sebesar 2,42%. Pasien yang menerima metotreksat tunggal mengalami penurunan nilai laju endap darah tertinggi sebesar 38,46%, penurunan trombosit tertinggi sebesar 27,16%, serta penurunan leukosit tertinggi sebesar 48,80%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa meskipun sebagian besar pasien menerima terapi metilprednisolon tunggal dan/atau kombinasi dengan obat DMARDs lain, terapi menggunakan metotreksat tunggal masih merupakan pilihan utama untuk mencegah terjadinya remisi dan menurunkan risiko efek samping.

Kata kunci: DAS28, metilprednisolon, metotreksat, rheumatoid arthritis

 

Correlation between Drug Selection and Therapeutic Goals of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic inflammation and attacks various tissues, especially the joints. The main consideration in choosing the type of RA drug is the success of therapy and side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between drug selection and the success of RA therapy in outpatients in a hospital in Bandung. The study was a cross-sectional analytic study, starting with collecting data retrospectively on thirty productive age patients who had three-month RA therapy using methylprednisolone, methotrexate, a combination of both or with other drugs. Evaluation of the success of therapy was done by comparing the success of the improvement of Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) values before and after therapy, and monitoring of side effects was seen from hemoglobin levels, blood sludge rate, platelet counts, and leukocytes. The results showed that 90% of patients seeking treatment received single and/or combination methylprednisolone therapy with methotrexate or other Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). Patients who received a single methylprednisolone and a single methotrexate experienced a decrease in DAS28 values of 26.8% and 15.4% compared to the beginning (before therapy). Patients who used a combination of methotrexate, methylprednisolone, and other DMARDs experienced the highest increase in hemoglobin level of 3.51% and the use of a single methotrexate could increase hemoglobin levels by 2.42%. Patients who received a single methotrexate experienced a decrease in the value of the highest blood sludge rate of 38.46%, the highest decrease in platelets of 27.16%, and the highest decrease in leukocytes of 48.80%. It can be concluded that although most patients received methylprednisolone therapy alone and/or in combination with other DMARDs, therapy using single methotrexate was still the main choice to prevent remission and reduce the risk of side effects.

Keywords: DAS28, methylprednisolone, metothrexate, rheumatoid arthritis


Keywords


DAS28, metilprednisolon, metotreksat, rheumatoid arthritis

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.4.237

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