Efek Konseling Apoteker Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat dan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya

Abstract

Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan psikiatri yang kompleks ditandai dengan gangguan kognitif, emosi, persepsi, berpikir dan berperilaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien skizofrenia sebelum dan setelah diberikan konseling oleh apoteker serta untuk mengetahui kualitas hidupnya. Metode penelitian ini adalah one-grup pretest-posttest yang bersifat prospektif. Pengambilan sampel terhadap responden sesuai kriteria inklusi dilakukan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur pada bulan Mei sampai Juli tahun 2018. Sebelum pengambilan data dilakukan, responden yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi diberikan penjelasan tentang tujuan dan gambaran penelitian. Apabila setuju menjadi subjek, pasien atau keluarganya diwajibkan mengisi informed consent. Wawancara sesuai kuesioner Medication Adherence Rating Score (MARS) dan The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF pada responden dilakukan dua kali, yakni pada kedatangan pertama sebelum dilakukan konseling dan satu bulan kemudian saat subjek kontrol kembali. Total responden sebanyak 100 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda (uji T). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kepatuhan minum obat responden antara pre-post konseling oleh apoteker (p=0,033). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup subjek memiliki perbedaan bermakna hanya terkait domain lingkungan (p=0,00), sedangkan pada domain fisik, mental dan sosial tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05).

Kata kunci: Kepatuhan, kualitas hidup, MARS, skizofrenia, WHOQOL-BREF

Effect of Pharmacist Counseling on Medication Adherence and Quality of Life of Schizophrenic Patients in Menur Mental Hospital, Surabaya

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive, emotion, perception, thinking, and behavior impairment. This research was conducted to determine the difference in level of compliance with schizophrenic patients before and after counseling by pharmacist, as well as to know their quality of life. The research method was one-group pretest-posttest with perspective design. Sampling of samples who met the inclusion criteria was done in the pharmaceutical installation of Menur Psychiatric Hospital from May to July 2018. Before data retrieval was done, all samples appropriated with the inclusion criteria were given an explanation about the purpose and description of the study, and after agreeing to be the subject, the patients or their family were obliged to fill informed consent. Interviews according to the Medication Adherence Rating Score (MARS) dan The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaires were done twice; the first was done upon arrival before counseling and the later was one month upon returning for control. Total of subjects was 100 people. The obtained data was analyzed using a different test (t-test). The result showed that there was a meaningful difference in patients’ compliance in taking drugs between pre and post counseling by the pharmacist (p=0.033). In terms of patients’ quality of life, results showed that the meaningful difference were only related to environmental domain (p=0.00), whereas no meaningful differences found on physical, mental and social domains (p>0.05).

Keywords: Adherence, MARS, quality of life, schizophrenia, WHOQOL-BREF