Pengembangan dan Validasi Kuesioner untuk Mengukur Penggunaan Internet dan Media Sosial dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian

Abstract

Saat ini dikenal pelayanan kesehatan berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) yang disebut dengan e-health dan pada pelayanan kefarmasian disebut e-pharmacy yang berkembang pesat. Namun demikian, penelitian mengenai persepsi apoteker tentang penggunaan internet untuk pelayanan kefarmasian di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penggunaan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya mutlak diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner tentang persepsi penggunaan internet dan media sosial untuk pelayanan kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif. Kuesioner yang diuji dinamakan Penggunaan Internet dan Media Sosial untuk Pelayanan Kefarmasian (PIMSAN). Uji validitas isi dilakukan dengan metode professional judgement dengan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu dengan professional agreement dan kuantitatif yaitu nilai items content validity index (I-CVI). Uji pemahaman bahasa dilakukan secara expert judgement dan uji coba kepada user yaitu tiga apoteker. Uji reliabilitas dilakukan dengan masing-masing 35 responden apoteker di apotek jejaring dan apotek nonjejaring dengan pendekatan nilai Chronbach Alpha. Hasil uji validitas isi putaran pertama menunjukkan belum ada kesepakatan antarpenguji (professional agreement) dengan nilai I-CVI sebesar 0,74. Professional agreement diperoleh pada putaran kedua dengan nilai I-CVI 0,98, sehingga kuesioner PIMSAN dinyatakan valid dengan 45 butir pertanyaan. Uji pemahaman bahasa oleh expert dinyatakan lolos uji dalam satu putaran saja. Uji pemahaman bahasa kepada user (apoteker) dinyatakan lolos uji setelah dua putaran. Pada uji reliabilitas, nilai Chronbach Alpha pada masing-masing apotek jejaring dan nonjejaring adalah 0,852. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, kuesioner PIMSAN dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Kuesioner PIMSAN dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk mengukur persepsi apoteker tentang penggunaan internet dan media sosial untuk pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek.

Kata kunci: Internet, media sosial, pelayanan kefarmasian, uji kuesioner

The Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Study the Use of Internet and Social Media in Drug Information Service

Abstract
The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in health sector which is called e-health, and e-pharmacy in pharmacy area, has become popular. However, research regarding the use of ICT in pharmaceutical care service especially from the pharmacists’ views in the Indonesia context is still limited. Such research can be conducted using a validated questionnaire. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and test a questionnaire to measure pharmacists’ perspective regarding the use of internet and social media for pharmaceutical care service. This is a descriptive study. The questionnaire is called PIMSAN, which stands for “Penggunaan Internet dan Media Sosial untuk Pelayanan Kefarmasian”. The validity test was conducted through a professional judgement method applied a qualitative approach using a professional agreement and a quantitative approach using items content validity index (I-CVI). The clarity of language in the items of the questionnaire was tested by expert judgement and to users, i.e. three pharmacists. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by 35 pharmacists in individual pharmacies and 35 pharmacists in chain pharmacies. The Cronbach Alpha value was applied to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Results of the first round of content validity test showed that a professional agreement had not yet been obtained and the I-CVI was 0.74. At the second round, a professional agreement had been achieved with I-CVI of 0.98, therefore the questionnaire was stated as valid with 45 questions. The clarity language testing with the expert was completed within one round only. The language tests with users (pharmacist) were completed within two rounds. The value of the Cronbach Alpha was 0.852 for both testing in individual and chain pharmacies. Based on the results, it can be stated that the PIMSAN questionnaire is valid and reliable. Therefore, the PIMSAN can be used as an instrument for a study examining pharmacists’ perspective regarding the use of internet and social media for pharmaceutical care service in community pharmacies in Indonesia context.

Keywords: Internet, pharmaceutical care service, social media, questionnaire