Pelayanan Farmasi Klinis Meningkatkan Kontrol Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Abstract
Tingginya prevalensi diabetes melitus (DM) di Indonesia menjadi perhatian khusus oleh pemerintah karena selain pengobatannya seumur hidup, tingkat kepatuhan pasien cenderung rendah sehingga kadar gula darah pasien sering tidak terkontrol. Apoteker memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam mengotrol outcome klinis ini. Peranan apoteker dimulai dari skrining resep, compounding, dispensing, pelayanan informasi obat, konseling hingga monitoring terapi dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan outcome klinis antara pasien DM yang menerima pelayanan farmasi klinis dari apoteker dan yang tidak menerima pelayanan farmasi klinis dari apoteker. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain case control yang dilakukan di delapan fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama di Kota Bandung pada bulan Desember 2017–Maret 2018. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling, sebanyak 262 data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien berupa demografi dan kadar glukosa darah puasa selama tiga bulan berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrol glukosa darah puasa memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap jenis kelamin (p 0,019), lama menderita DM (p 0,018), dan riwayat keluarga (p 0,047). Pasien yang memperoleh pelayanan farmasi klinis dari apoteker memiliki kontrol glukosa darah yang baik dengan rata-rata nilai glukosa darah puasa per bulan berada di bawah 126 mg/dL (p 0,000); OR 11,6 (CI 95% 6,282–21,420). Pelayanan farmasi klinis yang dilakukan oleh apoteker meningkatkan kontrol glukosa darah puasa pasien DM sebanyak 11 kali dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak memperoleh pelayanan farmasi klinik dari apoteker.
Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus, farmasi klinik, fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama (FKTP), gula darah puasa
Clinical Pharmacy Services Improve Blood Sugar Control of Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Abstract
High prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is a government particular concern because it will be a lifetime treatment then, the level of patients’ compliance tends to be low and causes patients’ blood sugar levels often uncontrolled. Pharmacists have a very important role in controlling this clinical outcome. The role of pharmacists such as prescription screening, compounding, dispensing, drug information, counseling and monitoring therapy can improve patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the differences in clinical outcomes between DM patients who received clinical pharmacy services from pharmacists and who did not receive clinical pharmacy services from pharmacists. This research was an observational study with case control design which conducted at eight Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) in Bandung City during December 2017–March 2018. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, as many as 262 data obtained from patient medical records such as demographics and fasting blood glucose levels for 3 consecutive months. The results showed that fasting blood glucose control had a significant relationship with gender (p 0.019), duration of DM (p 0.018), and family history (p 0.047). Patients who received clinical pharmacy services from pharmacists had good blood glucose control with an average monthly fasting blood glucose value below 126 mg /dL (p 0,000); OR 11.6 (95% CI 6,282-21,420). Clinical pharmacy services provided by pharmacists can improve patients’ fasting blood glucose control up to 11 times compared with who do not receive clinical pharmacy services.
Keywords: Clinical pharmacy, diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose, primary healthcare center (PHC)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.4.271
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