Pemantauan Kadar Obat Indeks Terapi Sempit Melalui Estimasi Kadar Obat di Dalam Darah pada Pasien Rawat Inap di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo, Purwokerto

Masita W. Suryoputri, Ika Mustikaningtias, Laksmi Maharani

Abstract


Pemantauan kadar obat dalam darah dapat dilakukan secara matematik dengan pendekatan farmakokinetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui estimasi kadar obat indeks terapi sempit di dalam darah sesuai dosis yang diberikan pada pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit. Pemantauan kadar obat dalam darah perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin tercapainya kadar obat yang cukup di tempat aksi/reseptor melalui aturan dosis yang diberikan, sehingga dapat mencegah timbulnya efek toksik dan mencapai clinical outcome pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan observasional. Data mengenai dosis dan frekuensi pemberian obat diperoleh dari data rekam medik pasien, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan estimasi kadar tunak dalam darah (Css) dengan pendekatan secara farmakokinetik. Data diolah secara deskriptif analitik. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien rawat inap yang mendapatkan terapi aminofilin intravena (iv), fenitoin iv dan digoxin per oral (po) di Bangsal Paru, Saraf, dan Jantung (Penyakit Dalam) RSUD Prof Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto selama bulan Juni–Agustus 2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada estimasi kadar aminofilin di dalam darah, sebanyak 13 pasien (61,9%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (10–20 mg/L) dan 8 pasien (38,1%) di luar rentang terapi; pada estimasi kadar fenitoin di dalam darah, sebanyak 8 pasien (28,1%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (10–20 mg/L) dan 24 pasien (71,9%) berada di luar rentang terapi; dan pada estimasi kadar digoxin di dalam darah, sebanyak 4 pasien (11,8%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (0,50–0,90 ng/mL) dan 30 pasien (88,2%) berada di luar rentang terapi. Jumlah pasien yang memiliki estimasi kadar obat di dalam darah berada di dalam rentang terapi adalah 25 pasien (28,7%) dan jumlah pasien yang memiliki estimasi kadar obat di dalam darah berada di luar rentang terapi adalah 62 pasien (71,3%) sesuai dosis yang diberikan kepada pasien. Kadar obat di luar rentang terapi dikhawatirkan dapat menimbulkan kejadian toksisitas dan kemungkinan tidak dapat menghasilkan clinical outcome yang diinginkan.

Kata kunci: Aminofilin, digoxin, estimasi kadar obat, fenitoin

 

Monitoring the Levels of Drugs with Narrow Therapeutic Index through Blood Estimations of Patients at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto

Abstract
The blood drug levels is possibly monitored mathematically, using a pharmacokinetic approach. This study is aimed to determine the estimations for drugs with narrow therapeutic index in the blood according to the draft dosage rules provided to hospital inpatients. In addition, an observational design was employed, and data related to dose and frequency of administration was obtained from medical records. Therefore the blood concentration steady state levels (Css) was estimated using a pharmacokinetic approach, and descriptive-analytical method was used for analysis. The research subjects include inpatients receiving aminophylline intravenous (iv), phenytoin iv and digoxin per oral (po) at the Pulmonary, Nerve and Heart Wards (Internal Medicine) of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Hospital, Purwokerto, from June–August, 2019. The results showed a total of 13 patients (61.9%) to be in the therapeutic range (10–20 mg/L) for estimated aminophylline levels, while 8 (38.1%) were not. In addition, 8 patients (28.1%) were within the therapeutic range (10–20 mg/L) for phenytoin, while 24 (71.9%) were not, and 4 patients (11.8%) were in the therapeutic range (0.50–0.90 ng/mL) of digoxin, while 30 (88.2%) were not. In conclusion, a total of 25 individuals (28.7%) had estimated blood drug levels within the therapeutic range, while 62 (71.3%) were outside the expected values, according to the administered dose. These unsuitable levels possibly cause toxicity events, and are forecasted to not produce the desired clinical outcome.

Keywords: Aminofilin, digoxin, estimation of consentration drug, fenitoin


Keywords


Aminofilin, digoxin, estimasi kadar obat, fenitoin

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.2.105

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