Hubungan antara Penggunaan Antihipertensi pada Pasien Preeklamsia terhadap Insidensi Asfiksia Neonatal dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung

Mutia F. Sitorus, Lia Amalia

Abstract


Preeklamsia merupakan satu dari tiga penyebab utama kematian ibu hamil di Indonesia. Selain menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas maternal, bayi yang dilahirkan dari pasien preeklampsia berisiko lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) (<2500 gr) dan asfiksia. Di Indonesia, data mengenai penggunaan antihipertensi tertentu sebagai lini utama pada terapi hipertensi dalam kehamilan serta dampaknya terhadap perinatal belum cukup memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali hubungan dan pengaruh pemberian antihipertensi pada pasien preeklamsia terhadap outcome bayi (BBLR & asfiksia). Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional terhadap 182 pasien preeklamsia yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama tahun 2018. Dilakukan analisis komparatif antar kelompok antihipertensi dengan uji One-way ANOVA dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata berat badan bayi yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05; IK95%) antara pasien preeklamsia yang mendapat terapi atihipertensi (2227 gr ± 779,8) dengan pasien yang tidak mendapat terapi antihipertensi (2696 gr ± 667,2). Tidak terdapat perbedaan skor Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) yang bermakna antara kelompok yang diberi terapi dengan tanpa terapi antihipertensi (p>0,05; IK95%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05; IK95%) antara beberapa kelompok terapi antihipertensi dalam memberikan kecenderungan terhadap kedua insidensi. Kelompok terapi kombinasi metildopa dengan antihipertensi lain (amlodipin, nikardipin, furosemid, dan spironolakton) memiliki proporsi tertinggi dalam memberikan kecenderungan terhadap insidensi BBLR (75,0%) dan asfiksia (17,9%).

Kata kunci: Antihipertensi, asfiksia, BBLR, preeklamsia, skor APGAR

 

Association between Antihypertensive Treatment in Preeclampsia Patients with Incidence of Birth Asphyxia and Low Birth Weight at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung

Abstract

Preeclampsia is one of the three major causes of maternal death and morbidity in Indonesia. In addition, infants born are at risk of being born with a low birth weight/LBW (<2500 gr) and asphyxia. In Indonesia, there is insufficient data regarding certain antihypertensive use as a first line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy and the consequent impact on perinatal. This study aimed to explore the association and effects of antihypertensive therapy in patients with preeclampsia on infants outcome (LBW & asphyxia). The experiment was performed observationally on 182 preeclampsia patients treated at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung in 2018. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was performed between antihypertensive groups using One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The result showed the existence of statistically significant differences in infant body weight (p<0.05; CI95%) between preeclampsia patients receiving antihypertension therapy (2227 gr±779.8) and those otherwise (2696 gr±667.2). Moreover, there were no significant differences in Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) scores between the treated groups (p>0.05; CI95%). The variations (p>0.05; CI95%) between several units in line with the tendency to experience an incidence was not statistically significant. However, methyldopa therapy in combination with other antihypertensives (amlodipine, nicardipine, furosemide, and spironolactone) demonstrated the highest tendency towards LBW incidence (75.0%) and neonatal asphyxia (17.9%).

Keywords: Antihypertensive, APGAR score, asphyxia, LBW, preeclampsia


Keywords


Antihipertensi, asfiksia, BBLR, preeklamsia, skor APGAR

References


Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE). Saving mothers’ lives: Reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006-08. The eighth report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG. 2011;118(1):1–203. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02847.x

Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Dashe J, Hoffman BL, Casey BM, et al. Williams Obstetrics. 24th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

Steegers EAP, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2010;376(9741):631–44. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6

Antonucci R, Porcella A, Pilloni MD. Perinatal asphyxia in the term newborn. J Pediatr Neonat Individual Med. 2014;3(2):e030269. doi: 10.7363/030269

Kernaghan D, Duncan AC, McKay GA. Hypertension in pregnancy: A review of therapeutic options. Obstet Med. 2012;5(2):44–9. doi: 10.1258/om.2011.110061

Cnattingius S, Norman M, Granath F, Petersson G, Stephansson. Apgar score components at 5 minutes: Risks and prediction of neonatal mortality. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2017;31(4):328–37. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12360

Iliodromiti S, Mackay DF, Smith GC, Pell JP, Nelson. APGAR score and the risk of cause specific infant mortality: A population based cohort study of 1,029,207 livebirths. Lancet. 2014;384(9956):1749–55. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61135-1

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Hypertension in pregnancy. Washington DC: ACOG. 2013.

Magee LA, Dadelszen P, Rey E, Ross S, et al. Less-tight versus tight control of hypertension in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(5):407–17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1404595

Gainder S, Thakur M, Saha SC, Prakash M. To study the changes in fetal hemodynamics with intravenous labetalol or nifedipine in acute severe hypertension. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2019;15:12–5. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.02.011

Orbach H, Matok I, Gorodischer R, Sheiner E, Daniel S, Wiznitzer A, et al. Hypertension and antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(4):301.e1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.011

Duley L, Gulmezoglu AM, Henderson-Smart DJ, Chou D. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;2010(11):CD000025. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000025.pub2




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.280

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is indexed by

        

  Creative Commons License

IJCP by Universitas Padjadjaran is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

 

View My Stats