Evaluasi Pola Peresepan Pasien Geriatri di RSUD Dr. Soedarso Pontianak Berdasarkan Beers Criteria
Abstract
Pasien geriatri adalah pasien lanjut usia yang menderita multipenyakit serta gangguan akibat penurunan fungsi fisiologis; perubahan fisiologis menyebabkan respon terhadap obat menjadi berubah. Beers Criteria dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pemberian obat pada geriatri dan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi risiko efek yang tidak diinginkan selama pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran peresepan pasien geriatri berdasarkan persentase penggunaan obat yang terdapat dalam Beers Criteria. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel acak sederhana sehingga diperoleh 150 orang. Data setiap satu subjek dikumpulkan dari rekam medik dan lembar peresepan pasien geriatri poli penyakit dalam di instalasi rawat jalan periode Desember 2018 sampai Juli 2019. Data karakteristik dan nama obat diidentifikasi dari resep serta rekam medis, kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, yaitu menghitung jumlah pasien yang menerima obat dan jumlah obat yang diresepkan berdasarkan Beers Criteria 2012. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sebanyak 21,33% merupakan resep polifarmasi; dan 54 pasien (36%) menerima resep yang memuat obat Beers Criteria 2012 dengan Spironolakton paling banyak diresepkan yaitu 15 dari 150 resep. Simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah pasien geriatri masih menerima pengobatan yang memuat obat dalam daftar Beers Criteria, sehingga hasil ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk melakukan pemantauan keamanan saat obat digunakan.
Kata kunci: Beers Criteria, geriatri, peresepan, polifarmasi
Evaluation of Prescriptions Pattern in Geriatric Patients at Dr. Soedarso Regional Public Hospital Pontianak Based on Beers Criteria
Abstract
Geriatric patients are suffering from multiple diseases and disorders due to decreased physiological function. The prescription of polypharmacy in this condition can increase the risk of adverse events. Beers Criteria is often used as a reference to identify the risk in geriatric medications. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain an overview of prescriptions with the percentage of usage based on Beers Criteria 2012. A descriptive and observational design was used with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 150 medical records and prescriptions of geriatric outpatients were obtained using a simple random sampling technique at Dr. Soedarso Regional Public Hospital Pontianak, from December 2018 to July 2019. Demographic-characteristic data of patients and class of therapy were identified from medical records and prescriptions. The data were analyzed with a quantitative approach to determine the percentage of patients receiving medications and the percentage of medications based on Beers Criteria 2012. The percentage of polypharmacy based on prescriptions was 21.33%, while 36% received the treatments, which met the criteria. Among the 150 prescriptions that met Beers Criteria, 15 were Spironolactone, which the most frequent therapy. Based on the results, geriatric patients still received medications that met Beers Criteria. It is also very important to carry out safety monitoring when drugs are used by infected people.
Keywords: Beers Criteria, geriatric, prescription, polypharmacy
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2022.11.2.95
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