Rekomendasi Apoteker Komunitas Saat Menghadapi Permintaan Swamedikasi Diare yang Disertai Darah: Sebuah Survei di Wilayah Perkotaan Indonesia
Abstract
Diare merupakan salah satu penyakit ringan yang banyak dijumpai di komunitas. Apoteker perlu memiliki kemampuan untuk memilah kasus diare yang dapat ditangani dengan obat bebas atau yang membutuhkan rujukan segera ke dokter, seperti kasus diare dengan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketepatan rekomendasi yang diberikan oleh apoteker saat menghadapi permintaan swamedikasi pada diare yang disertai darah pada pasien dewasa. Penelitian potong-lintang ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober–Desember 2019 dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 2 bagian, yaitu: karakteristik responden dan kasus terkait diare akut disertai darah pada pasien dewasa yang baru dikembangkan. Kuesioner yang digunakan telah divalidasi rupa dan konten oleh ahli farmasi klinis, kesehatan masyarakat, dan praktisi farmasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif. Total terdapat 84 apoteker yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini (response rate 38,71%). Mayoritas apoteker berjenis kelamin wanita (89,29%) dan berusia 24–34 tahun (59,52%). Rujukan kepada dokter merupakan jenis rekomendasi yang paling banyak diberikan, namun hanya 23 dari antaranya (34,52%) yang merekomendasikan rujukan ke dokter segera, yang merupakan rekomendasi paling tepat pada kasus dalam penelitian ini. Beberapa apoteker merekomendasikan antibiotik, yakni: metronidasol atau kotrimoksasol atau tiamfenikol. Sebagian besar apoteker dalam penelitian ini belum memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat pada kasus diare disertai darah. Penelitian lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk memetakan kebutuhan apoteker agar dapat mengoptimalkan proses pemberian rekomendasi terkait kasus ringan di komunitas, khususnya pemberian rujukan ke dokter.
Kata kunci: Apoteker komunitas, Indonesia, pemberian rekomendasi, survei berbasis kasus
Community Pharmacists’ Recommendations in Handling a Self-Medication Request for Bloody Diarrhea: A Survey in an Indonesian Urban Setting
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the medical problems frequently found in the community. Pharmacists should determine the conditions treatable with over-the-counter medications and those that need urgent referral to a doctor, such as bloody diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the appropriateness of the pharmacists' recommendations when responding to self-medication requests in the case of adult bloody diarrhea. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019 using a questionnaire consisting of participants' characteristics and newly developed acute bloody diarrhea scenarios in adults. The quality and content of the questionnaire was validated by the experts in clinical pharmacy, public health, and pharmacists. The data obtained from 84 pharmacists with the response rate of 38.71% were analyzed descriptively. About 89.29 % of the pharmacists were female between 24 to 34 years. Referral to a doctor was the most suitable recommendation; however, only 23 pharmacists (34.52%) recommended this method. Some recommended antibiotics, such as metronidazole, cotrimoxazole, or thiamphenicol. Most pharmacists have not provided appropriate recommendations for a scenario related to bloody diarrhea in adults. Therefore, further research should be conducted to identify the required variables by the community pharmacists to make an appropriate recommendation as a response towards minor ailments in the community, especially medical referrals.
Keywords: Community pharmacists, Indonesia, advice-giving, case-based survey
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2021.10.4.289
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