Analisis Perbandingan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Skizofrenia Fase Stabil pada Pengobatan Kombinasi Risperidon-Haloperidol dengan Kombinasi Klozapin-Risperidon-Haloperidol di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Abstract
Skizofrenia merupakan salah satu gangguan jiwa kompleks yang dapat menimbulkan beban berat bagi individu dan keluarga. Pengobatan skizofrenia perlu masa yang panjang dan menahun karena merupakan penyakit kronis yang berpotensi terjadi kekambuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup/Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) pasien skizofrenia yang mendapatkan terapi antipsikotik kombinasi risperidon dan haloperidol (RH) dengan kombinasi klozapin, risperidon, dan haloperidol (CRH). Penelitian ini berjenis kohort selama pengobatan pada 95 pasien rawat inap skizofrenia (fase stabil sampai fase pulang) yang diambil menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif dari bulan Maret–Mei 2020 di Rumah Sakit Jiwa (2020) Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Data kualitas hidup diambil menggunakan kuesioner the 5-Level European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ5D-5L) versi Bahasa Indonesia yang diisi oleh dua responden, baik perawat dan pasien pada saat bersamaan, pada saat pre- dan post-pengobatan. Uji Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan antarterapi, sedangkan uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan. Hasil uji beda antarkelompok menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney pada sebelum pengobatan/fase stabil (pre) menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan HRQoL antara kelompok RH dan CRH baik versi pasien maupun perawat (p>0,05), dan tidak terdapat perbedaan HRQoL yang signifikan antara kelompok RH dan CRH baik versi pasien maupun perawat pada fase pulang (post) (p>0,05). Uji beda sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan dalam tiap kelompok menggunakan uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan dari awal pasien masuk fase stabil sampai fase pulang baik pada kelompok RH (p=0,006) maupun kelompok CRH (p<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kombinasi RH dibandingkan dengan kombinasi CRH tidak memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien skizofrenia.
Kata kunci: Antipsikotik, the 5-Level European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions, kualitas hidup, skizofrenia
Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Life of Schizophrenic Patients between Combination Therapy of Risperidone-Haloperidol and Clozapine-Risperidone-Haloperidol in a Mental Health Hospital in West Kalimantan Province
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most complex mental disorders that can burden individuals and families, and it requires long-term treatment since it is a chronic disease that can potentially relapse. Therefore, this study compared the Health-Related Quality of life (HRQoL) of schizophrenic patients receiving a combination of antipsychotic therapy of risperidone and haloperidol (RH) antipsychotic therapy to clozapine, risperidone, and haloperidol (CRH). This was an observational cohort, prospective, pre-post observation study of schizophrenic inpatients at the Mental Hospital of West Kalimantan Province in the stable and discharge phases. Data were collected prospectively from March–May 2020, and consecutive sampling was conducted on 95 respondents. The Indonesian version of The 5-Level European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ5D-5L) questionnaire was filled by nurses and patients simultaneously to measure the HRQoL. The pre-therapy analysis performed at the stable phase using the Mann-Whitney test showed no difference in HRQoL between RH and CRH groups (p>0.05). Meanwhile, during the discharge phase (post-therapy), the HRQoL of the RH and CRH groups was not significantly different (p>0.05). The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference in the RH and CRH groups from the beginning of the patients’ stable phase to the discharge (p<0.05). Therefore, there is a significant difference between RH and CRH combination therapy as well as the HRQoL improvement of schizophrenic patients.
Keywords: Antipsychotics, the 5-Level European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions, HRQoL, schizophrenia
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2022.11.1.1
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