Efek Ekstrak Angkak dalam Menghambat Proliferasi Sel Kanker Prostat dan Payudara
Abstract
Kanker payudara dan prostat masih menjadi kasus prevalensi tertinggi hingga saat ini, untuk itu diperlukan beberapa alternatif terapi yang berasal dari bahan alam dengan efek samping yang relatif rendah. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas sitotoksisitas adalah angkak yang merupakan hasil fermentasi dari jamur Monascus pada medium beras, namun potensinya belum optimal diteliti terutama pada kanker payudara dan prostat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sitotoksisitas ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksan dari angkak terhadap lini sel kanker prostat DU145, lini sel kanker payudara MDA-MB-231 dan menentukan golongan senyawa yang diduga memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode 3-4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-y1-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa ekstrak n-heksan memiliki sitotoksisitas terbaik dengan nilai IC50 138,900 μg/mL pada lini sel DU145 dan 192,623 μg/mL pada lini sel MDA-MB-231, sedangkan pada ekstrak etanol dan etil asetat memiliki tingkat sitotoksik yang rendah dengan masing-masing nilai IC50 yaitu 649,426 μg/mL pada lini sel DU145, di luar rentang konsentrasi uji pada sel lini MDA-MB-231 dan 207,916 μg/mL pada lini sel DU145 dan 259,408 μg/mL pada lini sel MDA-MB-231. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksan angkak memiliki aktivitas sitotoksisitas terbaik, kemampuan tersebut diduga berasal dari senyawa flavonoid dan kuinon.
Kata kunci: Angkak, kanker prostat, Monascus, sitotoksisitas
The Effect of Angkak Extract in Inhibiting Cell Proliferation of Prostate and Breast Cancer
Abstract
Prostate cancer attacks the prostate gland in the male reproductive system. However, angkak, a product of fermentation from Monascus mushrooms on rice medium, exhibits potent anticancer activity. This study, therefore, aims to examine the cytotoxicity of ethanol, ethyl, and n-hexane extracts from angkak against DU145 prostate, as well as MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells line, and determine the class of compounds with cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic assay was performed using the 3-4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-y1)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) method. According to the results, the n-hexane extract of angkak exhibited the most impressive cytotoxicity at IC50 138,900 μg/mL in DU145 cell, and 192,623 μg/mL, in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Meanwhile, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited low cytotoxic levels with IC50 649,426 μg/mL and 207,916 μg/mL, respectively, in DU145 cell line, as well as unidentified results and 259,408 μg/mL, respectively, in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Therefore, angkak n-hexane extract was concluded to exhibit the best cytotoxicity activity, with the potential compounds having this activity derived from flavonoid and quinone compounds.
Keywords: Angkak, prostate cancer, Monascus, cytotoxicity
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2021.10.2.119
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