Pengaruh Edukasi Melalui Video tentang Vaksinasi terhadap Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Orang Tua di Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua
Abstract
Pada tahun 2017, sebanyak 1,5 juta kematian anak disebabkan oleh penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksinasi. World Health Organization (WHO) melalui Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) merekomendasikan setiap negara mencapai ≥90% cakupan imunisasi. Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2018 proporsi cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap pada anak sekitar 57,9% dari target 93%. Upaya peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik orang tua terhadap vaksinasi anak diperlukan sebagai bentuk promosi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap praktik vaksinasi anak, serta pengaruh edukasi media video vaksinasi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua di Kota Jayapura, Provinsi Papua. Desain penelitian ini pre-eksperimental dengan one-group pre-test post-test study. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan September–Oktober 2021 dengan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel ditentukan dengan rumus Lameshow diperoleh 290 orang tua dengan memberikan intervensi edukasi media video. Kuesioner tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik terhadap vaksinasi yang telah divalidasi diberikan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Spearman dan Wilcoxon signed rank. Hasil penelitian dari data sebelum intervensi menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan praktik vaksinasi anak (p>0,05), namun terdapat hubungan signifikan (p<0,05) antara sikap dengan praktik vaksinasi anak. Terdapat pengaruh edukasi media video terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua terkait vaksinasi anak (p<0,05). Kesimpulan, edukasi video vaksinasi meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua di Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai bukti ilmiah bahwa media edukasi video dapat mempromosikan pemahaman orang tua tentang vaksinasi anak di Kota Jayapura, Provinsi Papua.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2024.13.3.37059
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