Review Penggunaan Antivirus COVID-19 Berdasarkan Pedoman Penatalaksanaan COVID-19 pada Periode Maret 2020-Agustus 2021
Abstract
Pandemi Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) telah menjadi tantangan kesehatan utama dunia hingga saat ini. Belum adanya antivirus spesifik yang terbukti efektif telah menimbulkan dampak negatif ekonomi yang cukup signifikan. Salah satu strategi terapeutik difokuskan pada tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi, yaitu dengan penggunaan antivirus. Review ini difokuskan pada studi deskriptif-komparatif penggunaan antivirus dengan tingkat keparahan tertentu dan potensi pengaruh penggunaannya terhadap efektivitas biaya berbasis pedoman/protokol COVID-19 di Indonesia. Penggunaan antivirus untuk tiap pasien diidentifikasi sesuai tingkat keparahan penyakit dan dibandingkan antar pedoman berdasarkan perspektif pemerintah. Hasilnya menyoroti pada tantangan besar perkembangan studi antivirus yang dinamis karena situasi pandemi serta perlunya intervensi pemerintah untuk menentukan intervensi prioritas dengan keterbatasan personel serta sumber daya ekonomi (priority setting). Review memberikan analisis terperinci ditinjau dari protokol tata klinis COVID-19, antara bulan Maret 2020 hingga Agustus 2021. Hasilnya menyoroti strategi penanggulangan pemerintah dalam tata klinis antivirus yang optimal dan efektif serta potensi biaya yang ditimbulkannya. Pedoman pengendalian dan tata laksana antivirus COVID-19 di Indonesia, sudah berganti sebanyak 4 kali, priority setting dilakukan berdasarkan perkembangan studi terbaru di masa pandemi dan sudah berbasis bukti terkini yang sifatnya masih terbatas namun dengan tingkat bukti tinggi. Penghematan biaya dapat dilakukan dengan deteksi dini dan pengobatan efektif pada kasus COVID-19, sebelum terjadi perburukan ke tingkat keparahan berikutnya. Efektivitas pengobatan dan penggunaan antivirus berbasis bukti dapat membuat terapi menjadi cost-effective. Oleh karena itu, pembuat kebijakan di Indonesia harus mengintensifkan deteksi dini dan manajemen kasus COVID-19 sebagai prioritas utama, dengan penggunaan antivirus berdasarkan rekomendasi WHO yang senantiasa dinamis mengikuti perkembangan terkini.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2022.11.3.267
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