Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Antipsikotik Tipikal (Haloperidol) dan Atipikal (Risperidon) pada Pasien Skizofrenia di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Abstract
Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan mental kronis yang membutuhkan terapi jangka panjang serta melibatkan biaya perawatan kesehatan yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas biaya antara penggunaan risperidon dibandingkan dengan haloperidol pada terapi skizofrenia, serta menganalisis faktor utama yang memengaruhi nilai efektivitas biaya pada rawat inap di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung (RSHS) pada 2017–2018. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dari perspektif penyedia layanan kesehatan, mencakup total biaya medis langsung baik yang ditanggung rumah sakit maupun oleh Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Nilai efektivitas diukur dalam penurunan penurunan skor PANSS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) risperidon adalah Rp 527.002 per satuan penurunan PANSS, sedangkan haloperidol Rp 357.374. Berdasarkan perhitungan incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), haloperidol menunjukkan nilai Rp 486.809 per satuan penurunan PANSS dibandingkan risperidone. Meskipun ICER haloperidol lebih tinggi dari risperidone, hasil tersebut masih berada dalam ambang batas willingness to pay yang ditetapkan di Indonesia (berdasarkan 1-3 kali PDB per kapita), sehingga terapi haloperidol dapat dikategorikan sebagai cost-effective. Dari sisi efisiensi biaya, haloperidol menghasilkan penghematan sekitar Rp 378.737 dibandingkan risperidone. Dengan demikian, terapi haloperidol lebih dominan secara ekonomi dan layak dipertimbangkan sebagai pilihan pengobatan yang lebih efisien bagi pasien skizofrenia rawat inap di RSHS Bandung.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2024.13.2.61455
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