Tinjauan Literatur: Peran TGF-β3 pada Diferensiasi Preosteoblas untuk Regenerasi Kartilago
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) merupakan salah satu isoform dari keluarga TGF-β yang diketahui memiliki peran penting dalam regulasi diferensiasi dan proliferasi berbagai tipe sel, termasuk sel prekursor tulang dan tulang rawan. Tinjauan ini membahas struktur dan mekanisme pensinyalan TGF-β3, mulai dari proses sintesis hingga aktivasi, serta hubungannya dengan diferensiasi preosteoblas dan regenerasi kartilago. TGF-β3 dapat memengaruhi arah diferensiasi sel mesenkimal, termasuk preosteoblas, melalui aktivasi jalur kanonikal (SMAD-dependent) maupun nonkanonikal (SMAD-independent). Beberapa bukti menunjukkan bahwa TGF-β3 memiliki potensi untuk menghambat diferensiasi osteoblastik dan mengarahkan diferensiasi ke jalur kondrogenik, yang penting dalam regenerasi kartilago. Kartilago sendiri memiliki kemampuan regeneratif yang terbatas sehingga identifikasi faktor-faktor yang mendukung pembentukan kondrosit baru, termasuk TGF-β3, menjadi krusial. Dengan memahami peran TGF-β3 secara lebih mendalam, diharapkan dapat dikembangkan strategi terapeutik yang lebih efektif untuk memperbaiki kerusakan kartilago. Studi lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengungkap mekanisme molekuler spesifik yang mendasari pengaruh TGF-β3 terhadap diferensiasi preosteoblas dalam konteks regenerasi jaringan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2026.v15i1.63892
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