Identifikasi Potensi Interaksi Obat pada Resep Umum di Salah Satu Apotek Kota Bandung Periode Oktober 2025–Maret 2026

Abstract

Interaksi obat adalah perubahan efek obat akibat penggunaan dua atau lebih obat secara bersamaan yang dapat meningkatkan risiko efek samping maupun menurunkan efektivitas terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi interaksi obat pada resep umum berdasarkan tingkat keparahan interaksi (mayor, moderat, dan minor) serta mekanisme interaksinya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di salah satu apotek di Kota Bandung pada periode Oktober 2025–Maret 2026 dengan desain noneksperimental menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitik secara retrospektif. Sampel penelitian berupa resep yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yaitu resep dengan ≥2 jenis obat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisis potensi interaksi obat dilakukan menggunakan Drug Interaction Checker dari Drugs.com. Dari 2.371 resep yang ditelaah, sebanyak 1.106 resep memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 687 potensi interaksi obat, terdiri atas 73 interaksi minor (10,63%), 517 interaksi moderat (75,25%), dan 97 interaksi mayor (14,12%). Interaksi moderat menjadi kategori paling dominan, salah satunya kombinasi obat antihiperlipidemia dengan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid (NSAID), yaitu celecoxib dan fenofibrate, yang berpotensi meningkatkan risiko efek samping akibat peningkatan kadar celecoxib dalam plasma. Sementara itu, interaksi mayor ditemukan pada kombinasi sesama obat antihiperlipidemia, yaitu fenofibrate dan rosuvastatin yang berisiko menyebabkan miopati hingga rhabdomiolisis. Potensi interaksi farmakokinetik paling banyak ditemukan pada kombinasi suplemen mineral, yaitu kalsium dan zat besi, sedangkan interaksi farmakodinamik paling sering terjadi pada kombinasi antidiabetes oral, yaitu glimepiride dan metformin. Tingginya potensi interaksi obat pada resep menunjukkan pentingnya peran aktif apoteker dalam mengidentifikasi, memantau, dan mencegah interaksi obat guna meningkatkan keamanan terapi pasien.

Kata kunci: apotek, interaksi obat, mekanisme interaksi, resep, tingkat keparahan

Identification of Potential Drug Interactions in General Prescriptions at a Pharmacy in Bandung City During the Period of October 2025–March 2026

Abstract
Drug interactions are changes in drug effects caused by the concurrent use of two or more medications, which may increase the risk of adverse effects or reduce therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to identify potential drug interactions in general prescriptions based on severity level (major, moderate, and minor) and interaction mechanisms. The study was conducted at a pharmacy in Bandung City during October 2025–March 2026 using a nonexperimental retrospective descriptive-analytic design. The samples were polypharmacy prescriptions meeting the inclusion criterion of containing ≥2 medications and were collected using a total sampling technique. Potential drug interactions were analyzed using the Drug Interaction Checker from Drugs.com. Of the 2,371 prescriptions reviewed, 1,106 prescriptions met the inclusion criterion and were further analyzed. The results identified 687 potential drug interactions, consisting of 73 minor interactions (10.63%), 517 moderate interactions (75.25%), and 97 major interactions (14.12%). Moderate interactions were the most common, including the combination of celecoxib and fenofibrate, which may increase the risk of adverse effects due to elevated plasma levels of celecoxib. Major interactions were found between fenofibrate and rosuvastatin, which may increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Pharmacokinetic interactions were most commonly observed with calcium and iron supplements, whereas pharmacodynamic interactions were most frequently identified between glimepiride and metformin. The high prevalence of potential drug interactions in polypharmacy prescriptions highlights the important role of pharmacists in identifying, monitoring, and preventing drug interactions to improve patient safety.

Keywords: drug interactions, pharmacy, polypharmacy, prescriptions, severity level