Assessment of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content from Nine Different Families of Herbal Medicines Originated from West Java, Indonesia

Aliya Nur Hasanah

doi:10.24198/ijpst.v12i1.53533

Assessment of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content from Nine Different Families of Herbal Medicines Originated from West Java, Indonesia

Aliya Nur Hasanah

Abstrak

Indonesia is known as a country with abundant natural resources, one of which is herbal plants. These herbal plants contain secondary metabolites such as polyphenol and flavonoid that have some health advantages. The amounts of these two chemicals can be measured using the UV-visible spectrophotometric method, with gallic acid for polyphenols and quercetin for flavonoids as reference standards. In this study, 18 herbal plants from 9 different families were used to calculate the total phenolic content calculated as gallic acid and the total flavonoid content calculated as quercetin. Quantitative analysis was calculated using a UV-Visible spectrophotometry instrument. Meanwhile, qualitative analysis was observed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The result shown that five plant extracts from Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, and Melastomataceae family were obtained which had the highest total phenolic content, namely cinnamon cortex (Cinnamomum burmannii), angsana leaves (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.), harendong bulu leaves (Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don), and clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) with respective levels of 2120.00; 2056.19 ; 2049.52 ; 1989.52 and 1837.14 mgGAE/g. Meanwhile, the five plant extracts from Zingiberaceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae family that had the highest total flavonoid levels were red ginger (Zingiber officinale cv rubra), temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa), temu giring (Curcuma heyneana), gayam leaves (Inocarpus fagiferus Fosb.), and nilam leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) with respective levels of 130.47; 125.74; 107.91 ; 82.89 and 79.25 mgQE/g

Kata Kunci

Assay of total phenolic, Assay of total flavonoid, Thin layer chromatography, UV-Vis spectrophotometer

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi

Twaij, B. M., and Md. Nazmul Hasan. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Plant Sources: Types, Synthesis, and Their Therapeutic Uses. International of Plant Biology. 2022;13: 4-14.

Bie, J., Sepodes, B., Fernandes, P. C. B., and Riberiro, M. H. L. Polyphenols in Health and Disease: Gut Microbiota, Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability. MDPI. 2023;3(1): 40-72.

Zeb, Alam. 2020. Concept, Mechanism, and Applications of Phenolic Antioxidants in Foods. Journal of Food Biochem. 2020;44(9).

Simonetti G, Brasili, E., and Pasqua, G. Antifungal Activity of Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds from Different Matrices of Vitis vinifera L. against Human Pathogens. Molecules. 2020;25(16): 37-48.

Grigore, A. Plant Phenolic Compounds as Immunomodulatory Agents. Mexico: IntechOpen. 2017.

Kumar, S and Abhay K. Pandey. Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoid: Overview. Scientific World Journal. 2013;16(1):27-50.

Sulaiman, C. T. and Indira, B. Total Phenolics and Total Flavonoids in Selected Indian Medicinal Plants. Indian Journal Pharm Sci. 2013;74(3): 258-260.

Hilma, R. Determination of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content And Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Ethanol Extract Sawo Stem Bark (Manilkara Zapota (L.)). Conference Proceedings CelSciTech-UMRI. 2018;3(1): 4–7.

Lakhan, S. E., Ford, C. T., and Tepper, D. Zingiberaceae extracts for pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition Journal. 2014;14(1).

Widodo, H., Rohman, A., and Sismindari, S. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Famili Fabaceae untuk Pengobatan Penyakit Liver oleh Pengobat Tradisional Berbagai Etnis di Indonesia. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 2019;29(1): 65-88.

Danarto, S. A. Keragaman dan Potensi Koleksi Polong-Polongan (Fabaceae) di Kebun Raya Purwodadi–LIPI. In Prosiding Seminar Biologi. 2013; 10(2).

Khoerunisa, S. R., Qowiyyah, A., and Hasyul, S. F. P. Review: Immunostimulant Activity from Malvaceae Family. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan. 2022;4(5): 523-533.

Kurniawan, Pertiwi, A. T., and Lestari, I. T. Analisis Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.). Pharmaceutical Journal of Islamic Pharmacy. 2021;5(1):80-84.

Tahir, M., Muflihunna, A., and Syafrianti. Penentuan Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 2017;4(1): 215-218.

Elvansi, M. and Vifta, R. L. Determination of Total Flavonoid Content from Sonneratia caseolaris L. Leaves Extract with Variation of Solvent Extraction. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product. 2022;5(1): 12-18.

Alfani, Y., Hamdani, S., and Renggana, H. Aktivitas Antidiabetes dari Tanaman Famili Myrtaceae dengan Induksi Aloksan. As-Syifaa Jurnal Farmasi. 2021;13(1): 20-26.

Pelu, A. D. and Djarami, J. Studi Farmakognostik Tanaman Harendong Bulu (Clidemia hirta) asal Maluku. JUMANTIK. 2021;6(4):314-320.

Antasionasti, I. and Jayanto, I. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) secara in Vitro. Jurnal Farmasi Udayana. 2021;10(1): 38-47.

Yasmin, N., Widayat, W., and Narsa, A. C. Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Metanol Akar dan Batang Merung (Coptosapelta tomentosa) yang Memiliki Aktivitas Antioksidan Menggunakan Metode KLT Autografi. Proceedings of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences. 2019;10(1): 10-15.

Ayu, S. I., Pratiwi, L., Nani, S., Program, N., Farmasi, S., Kedokteran, F., and Pontianak, U. Uji Kualitatif Senyawa Fenol dan Flavonoid dalam Ekstrak N-Heksan Daun Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis. Jurnal Kedokteran UNTAN. 2019;4(1):1–6.

Warsi and Sholichah, A. R. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum L.) by DPPH radical scavenging method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017;259(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/259/1/012008

Do, Q. D., Angkawijaya, A. E., Tran-Nguyen, P. L., Huynh, L. H., Soetaredjo, F. E., Ismadji, S., and Ju, Y. H. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2014;22(3): 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.11.001.

Suharsanti, R., Sulistyanto W. Y., and Sarwo Edie Wibowo Km, J. Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etanol Daun Som Jawa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Untuk Menjamin Mutu Penggunaan Sebagai Obat Herbal Antikeputihan. Media Farmasi Indonesia. 2016;11(2).

Yulianti, W., Ayuningtiyas, G., Martini, R., and Resmeiliana, I. Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi dan Polaritas Pelarut Terhadap Kadar Fenolik Total Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L). Jurnal Sains Terapan. 2020;10(2):41–49. https://doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.10.2.41

Kusuma, M., Susilorini, T., and Surjowardojo, P. Pengaruh Lama Dan Suhu Penyimpanan Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle Linn) Dengan Aquades Terhadap Daya Hambat Bakteri Streptococcus Agalactiae Penyebab Mastitis pada Sapi Perah. Journal of Tropical Animal Production. 2017;18(2):14–21. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtapro.2017.018.02.3.

Riyanti, H. B., Yeni, and Wilianita, R. A. (2023). Determination of Tannin Levels in Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Wild) Leaves Ethanol Extract Results of Maceration and Sokletation Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Medical Sains. 2023;8(1):241-252.

Butarbutar, R. H., Robiyanto, and Untari, E. K. Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Petai (Parkia speciose Hassk.) terhadap Kadar Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) pada Plasma Tikus yang Mengalami Stres Oksidatif. Pharm Sci Res. 2016;3(2): 97-106.

Jubaidah, S., Sundu, R., and Sabriningsih, N. Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Total Fraksi Polar dan Nonpolar Daun Rambai Laut (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2019;1(2): 140-147.

Nurlinda, Handayani, V., and Rasyid, F. A. Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Flavonoid Content in Biancaca Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 2020;8(3):1-4.

Nguyen, L. T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, H. N., and Bui, Q. T. P. Simultaneous Determination of Active Compounds in Piper betle Linn. Leaf Extract and Effect of Extracting Solvents on Bioactivity. Engineering Reports. 2020;2(10): e12246.

Pagliari, S., Forcella, M., Lonati, E., Sacco, G., Romaniello, F., Rovellini, P., and Bruni, I. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) Bark Extract after In Vitro Digestion Simulation. Foods. 2023;12(3):452.

Eko Murwanto, P. and Santosa, D. Borreria repens DC., Polygala paniculata L. From Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Using Dpph (2,2-Difenil1-Pikrilhidrazil) Radical Scavenging Analysis. In Majalah Obat Tradisional. 2012; 17(3).

Robinson, T. Kandungan Organik Tumbuhan Tingkat Tinggi Edisi Keenam. Bandung: ITB Publisher; 1995.

Susilowati, R. and Setiawan, A. M. Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume and Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. Extract Combination Ameliorate Lipid Profile and Heart Oxidative Stress in Hyperlipidemic Mice. Veterinary World. 2020;13(7): 1404.

Agusmansyah, S. An Overview of Syzygium polyanthum (Bay leaf) Extract as Dyslipidemia Treatment. Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews. 2021;1(5): 90-92.

Susiani, E. F, Revita, S., Allisa, F., and Liana., F. H. Penetapan Kadar Total Fenolik-Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol 70% Kulit Bantang Tandui. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung. 2023; 9(1): 102-110.

Masturi, Alghiri, Nuzulina, Rodhiyah, and Drastisianti. Optimization of Condition Extraction in Quantification of Total Flavonoid Content in the Seeds of the Arummanis (Mangifera indica L.) Mango from Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019;13(21):1-7.

Aminah, A., Tomayahu, N., and Abidin, Z. Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 2017;4(2). https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v4i2.265.

Lindawati, N. Y., and Ni’ma, A. Analysis Of Total Flavonoid Levels Of Fennel Leaves (Foeniculum Vulgare) Ethanol Extract By Spectrophotometry Visible. Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Praktis. 2022; 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.4972.

Sinay, H. and Watuguly, T. Identifikasi dan Analisis Kadar Flavonoid Ekstrak Getah Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) di Dusun Wanath Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Biopendix. 2019;5(2): 65–71.

Aswar, A., Malik, Abd., Hamidu, L., and Najib, A. Determination of Total Phenolic Content of The Stem Bark Extract of Nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum J. Koeing) using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 2021;8(3): 12–17. https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v8i3.728.

Muhammad, D. R. A., Tuenter, E., Patria, G. D., Foubert, K., Pieters, L., and Dewettinck, K. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Cinnamomum burmannii Blume Extracts and Their Potential Application in White Chocolate. Food Chemistry. 2021; 340, 127983.

Saputri, F. C., Adiyati, Z., and Waty, D. R. Nephroprotective Effect of Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Leaves: Observation of Urine Volume, Sodium and Potassium Levels in Gentamicin-induced Rat Model. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2017; 9(1): S85.

Verawati, V., Nofiandi, D., and Petmawati, P. Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Kadar Fenolat Total dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.). Jurnal Katalisator. 2017;2(2): 53-60.

Narasimham, D., Bindu, Y. H., Cheriyamundath, S., Raghavan, R., Kumari, M. K., Chandrasekhar, T., and Madassery, J. Evaluation of In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities from Leaf Extracts of Medicinal Plant Clidemia hirta. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2017;9(4):149-153.

Ramadhania, Z. M., Insanu, M., Gunarti, N. S., Wirasutisna, K. R., Sukrasno, S., and Hartati, R. Antioxidant Activity from Ten Species of Myrtaceae. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017;10(14): 5.

Manuhara, Y. S. W., Sugiharto, S., Kristanti, A. N., Aminah, N. S., Wibowo, A. T., Wardana, A. P., and Sugiarso, D. Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenol, Flavonoid, and Mineral Content in the Rhizome of Various Indonesian Herbal Plants. Rasayan J Chem. 2022;15(4):2724-30.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v12i1.53533