Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran (JKG) is an open-access journal published in English that disseminates original, innovative, up-to-date, and applicable research articles and case reports across all fields of dentistry, adopting interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. All submitted manuscripts undergo a double-blind peer review process to ensure high scientific quality and rigor in both theoretical knowledge and practical applications. JKG is published by the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, three times a year, in April, August, and December. Manuscript submission is open throughout the year via the Open Journal System (OJS). JKG is also affiliated with the Indonesian Dental Association (Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia/PDGI), as stipulated in a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA). The scope of Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran encompasses all areas of dental science, including but not limited to: oral biology; dental materials science and technology; oral and maxillofacial surgery; pediatric dentistry; dental public health, epidemiology, and preventive dentistry; conservative dentistry, endodontics, and operative dentistry; periodontology; prosthodontics; orthodontics; oral medicine; dental and maxillofacial radiology; as well as advancements in dentistry from related scientific disciplines. JKG accommodates scholarly works from academics, researchers, and practitioners, serving as a scientific reference for all areas of dentistry. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran is a sister journal of Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry. In 2017, JKG launched its online publication version with e-ISSN 2549-6514, in accordance with PDII–LIPI policy. Since the same year, JKG has fully adopted the Open Journal System (OJS) platform, requiring all authors to register prior to online manuscript submission. JKG accepts manuscript submissions throughout the year via OJS. All submissions first undergo an initial screening process, followed by a double-blind peer review process to uphold scientific integrity and excellence. Prior to submission, all authors must prepare their manuscripts in accordance with the journal templates for Research Articles Template or Case Reports Template. All manuscripts are screened for plagiarism using Turnitin. Reference management is strongly recommended using Mendeley, following the Vancouver Superscript Citation Style, and all selected keywords must be based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. An automated Submission Acknowledgement email will be sent to the registered author for each manuscript submission. This email includes a Cover Letter checklist and a Statement of Willingness to Pay the Initial Processing Charge. The Journal Publishing Agreement—including the Statement of Authorship, Copyright Transfer Agreement, and Conflict of Interest Disclosure—along with the Article Publication Fee Form and Letter of Acceptance, will be issued only after the manuscript has been formally accepted. All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial editorial assessment, followed by double-blind peer review and editorial copyediting. Editorial practices at JKG adhere to the ICMJE Recommendations. The peer review process follows the RDDA (Related Discipline, Different Affiliation) principle and complies with the JKG Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers. All publication policies follow COPE standards. Effective April 2023, JKG implemented updated templates for research articles and case reports. The journal has accepted English-language manuscripts since April 2023 and has engaged in international collaboration since December 2022. The journal has also published a Special Issue of Case Reports (Supplement 4) in January 2024, following previous supplements. Beginning in February 2026, JKG transitioned its publication language from Indonesian to English to broaden its international readership and strengthen its global scholarly presence. Further information is available in the Journal History section. Article Processing Charges (APC): USD 111.87 | IDR 1,850,000 APC is payable after the manuscript is accepted.
Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran
Starting March 2026, Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran (JKG) has updated its licensing policy. All published articles are now licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), replacing the previous Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes, provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s). Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran (JKG) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry agree to the following terms: The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions. The legal formal aspect of publication accessibility refers to the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license requires that reusers give appropriate credit to the creator. It allows others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, provided proper attribution is given to the original author(s) and the source.
Effect of adding durian seed flour (Durio zibethinus Murr.) on the setting time of alginate impression material: an experimental laboratory study
Introduction: Alginate is one of the most commonly used impression materials in dentistry to obtain a negative reproduction of teeth and surrounding tissues. To achieve an accurate impression, alginate must have an adequate setting time. However, its tendency to set too quickly is one of the material’s main weaknesses in clinical use. Modification of alginate with durian seed flour (Durio zibethinus Murr.), which contains amylose and amylopectin, may alter its setting time. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding durian seed flour on the setting time of alginate impression material. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study using a post-test only control group design. The samples consisted of pure alginate and alginate mixed with 20% and 40% durian seed flour, for a total of 30 samples. The setting time was measured using a cylinder rod tip and recorded with a stopwatch. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc LSD tests. Results: The mean setting times of pure alginate, alginate 80% + durian seed flour 20%, and alginate 60% + durian seed flour 40% were 132.2 ± 3.495 s; 212.3 ± 3.742 s; and 266.8±3.369 s, respectively. The addition of durian seed flour significantly affected the setting time of alginate impression material (p<0.05). Conclusion: Alginate with 40% durian seed flour addition exhibited the longest setting time compared with other sample groups. However, alginate with 20% and 40% durian seed flour additions still met the American Dental Association (ADA) Specification No. 18 for acceptable setting time. Pengaruh penambahan tepung biji durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) terhadap setting time bahan cetak alginat: eksperimental laboratoris Pendahuluan: Bahan cetak alginat merupakan bahan cetak yang paling sering digunakan di kedokteran gigi untuk mendapatkan reproduksi negatif gigi dan jaringan disekitarnya. Alginat harus memiliki setting time yang cukup agar dapat menghasilkan cetakan yang baik. Setting time yang cenderung terlalu cepat menjadi salah satu kelemahan alginat dalam keadaan klinis. Modifikasi alginate dengan penambahan tepung biji durian yang memiliki kandungan amilosa dan amilopektin dapat mempengaruhi setting time alginat. Tujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan tepung biji durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) terhadap setting time bahan cetak alginat. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian experimental laboratory dengan desain penelitian post-test only control group design. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahan cetak alginat murni serta alginat dengan penambahan tepung biji durian 20% dan 40%. Total sampel keseluruhan sebanyak 30 sampel. Setting time diukur dengan ujung batang silinder dan dihitung menggunakan stopwatch. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc LSD. Hasil: Rata-rata hasil pengukuran setting time alginat murni, alginat 80%+tepung biji durian 20%, alginat 60%+tepung biji durian 40% berturut-turut adalah: 132,2±3,495; 212,3±3,742; 266,8±3,369. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung biji durian berpengaruh terhadap setting time bahan cetak alginat (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Alginat dengan penambahan tepung biji durian 40% memiliki setting time yang paling lama dibandingkan dengan kelompok sampel lainnya pada penelitian ini. Alginat dengan penambahan tepung biji durian 20% dan 40% memiliki setting time yang masih sesuai dengan standar American Dental Association (ADA) No. 18.
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Availability, type, brand, and price as preference of shade matching tools for dentists in Jakarta’s dental sector: a cross-sectional study
Introduction: Shade selection in aesthetic dental procedures remains a challenge in dentistry. This challenge arises due to the high complexity of natural tooth color. The use of a shade guide as a form of communication between dentists and dental technicians is highly subjective, leading to the emergence of digital methods that offer a higher level of accuracy and consistency. The purpose of this research is to assess the type, brand, and price as preference of shade matching tools for dentists in Jakarta’s dental sector. Methods: The survey was conducted as a descriptive observational study using cluster sampling through questionnaires and a review of shade matching product catalogs from 30 dental suppliers, 4 dental clinics, and 7 dental laboratories in Jakarta. Results: There is a variety in the price and availability of shade matching products sold by dental suppliers in Jakarta, with VITA branded products dominating the market, including VITAPAN Classical (25%), VITA Classical (15%), VITA 3D Master (12%), and Ivoclar Vivadent (12%). In both clinics and dental laboratories, all respondents reported using visual methods, with VITA Classical and VITA 3D Master being the most commonly used products. Conclusion: Shade matching products available from dental suppliers, as well as their use in clinics and laboratories in Jakarta, are predominantly based on visual methods, with VITA Classical and VITA 3D Master being the most preferred shade guides. Digital shade matching methods are rarely encountered, mainly due to product complexity, cost, distribution limitations, and lack of training. Ketersediaan, tipe, merk, dan harga sebagai preferensi alat pencocokan warna oleh dokter gigi di sektor kedokteran gigi jakarta: survei potong lintang Pendahuluan: Pemilihan warna dalam prosedur estetika menjadi tantangan dalam kedokteran gigi. Tantangan ini muncul karena warna alami gigi memiliki kompleksitas yang tinggi. Penggunaan shade guide sebagai bentuk komunikasi antara dokter gigi maupun teknisi laboratorium bersifat sangat subjektif sehingga muncul metode digital yang menawarkan tingkat akurasi dan konsistensi yang lebih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi jenis, merek, dan harga sebagai preferensi alat pemilihan warna bagi dokter gigi di Jakarta. Metode: Survei dilakukan sebagai penelitian observasional deskriptif menggunakan sampling klaster dengan mengajukan pertanyaan serta penelahaan katalog produk shade matching pada 30 dental supplier, 4 klinik gigi, dan 7 laboratorium gigi yang ada di Jakarta. Hasil: Terdapat berbagai variasi dalam harga dan ketersediaan produk shade matching yang di jual dental supplier di Jakarta, dengan dominasi produk bermerek VITA, yaitu VITAPAN Classic (25%), VITA classical (15%), VITA 3D Master (12%) dan Ivoclar Vivadent (12%). Pada klinik dan laboratorium gigi didapatkan hasil bahwa seluruhnya menggunakan metode visual dengan produk yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu VITA Classical (27%) dan 3D Master (36%). Simpulan: Produk shade matching yang tersedia di dental supplier serta penggunaannya di klinik dan laboratorium Jakarta didominasi metode visual dengan VITA Classical dan 3D Master menjadi shade guide yang paling digemari. Metode pencocokan warna dengan metode digital jarang ditemui disebabkan kompleksitas produk, kendala harga, distribusi, dan kurangnya pelatihan.
Prevalence of systemic risk factors in chronic periodontitis patients at Haji regional public hospital in East Java Province: a cross-sectional study
Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tooth-supporting tissues and is often associated with various systemic disorders. Understanding this relationship is essential for comprehensive dental management. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of systemic risk factors among patients with chronic periodontitis at Haji Regional Public Hospital, East Java Province. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 108 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Data were collected from electronic medical records and analyzed descriptively using cross-tabulation. Results: The majority of patients were older adults (51.9%) and female (59.3%). A total of 78.7% had systemic conditions, the most common being hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Most chronic periodontitis patients had systemic conditions, particularly among older adults. These findings emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in periodontal care. Prevalensi faktor risiko sistemik pada pasien periodontitis kronis di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur: Studi cross sectional Pendahuluan: Penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis yang memengaruhi jaringan penyangga gigi dan sering kali berhubungan dengan berbagai gangguan sistemik. Memahami hubungan ini sangat penting untuk penatalaksanaan kedokteran gigi yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi faktor risiko sistemik pada pasien dengan periodontitis kronis di Rumah sakit Umum Daerah Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur. Metode: Penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang yang melibatkan 108 pasien yang didiagnosis dengan periodontitis kronis. Data dikumpulkan dari dokumentasi medis elektronik dan dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan tabel krostab. Hasil: Mayoritas pasien berusia lanjut (51,9%) dan berjenis kelamin perempuan (59,3%). Sebanyak 78,7% memiliki kondisi sistemik, yang paling umum adalah hipertensi dan diabetes melitus. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pasien dengan periodontitis kronis memiliki kondisi sistemik, terutama pada kelompok usia lanjut. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan interdisipliner dalam perawatan periodontal.
Factors affecting delayed tooth eruption among children aged 6-24 Months: a cross-sectional study
Introduction: Nutritional status is one of the most important things that parents must pay attention to, especially when the child is in the golden period of growth, which consists of the period of growth and development, including tooth eruption. Tooth eruption is influenced by various factors, one of which is nutritional factors. Mothers' health status may then determine their children's primary dentition status, and also the child's status itself. This study aims to analyze factors related to delayed tooth eruption in children aged 6–24 months. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted among 464 children aged 6–24 months. The sampling method employed was a total sampling technique undertaken in 10 villages within the Pandeglang district, West Java. Tooth eruption time used the Primary Tooth Development figure by the American Dental Association (ADA). Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression. Research ethics were obtained from YARSI University. Results: There was a significant relationship between delayed tooth eruption and mother’s Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional status of children, and gender, with a value of ρ<0.05. Female sex (AOR=1.51), stunting (AOR=1.86), and underweight (AOR=1.78) increased the odds of delayed eruption. Conclusion: Nutritional status influences eruption timing. Integrating oral assessments into routine child growth monitoring could improve early detection of developmental risks in children aged 6 – 24 months. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan erupsi gigi pada anak usia 6-24 bulan: studi cross-sectional Pendahuluan: Status gizi merupakan faktor krusial yang perlu diperhatikan oleh orang tua, terutama pada masa perkembangan awal anak, yang meliputi periode pertumbuhan pesat, perkembangan fisiologis, serta erupsi gigi. Erupsi gigi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor gizi. Status kesehatan ibu menentukan status gigi sulung anak-anak mereka, demikian pula status anak itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan erupsi gigi pada anak usia 6 - 24 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di antara 464 anak usia 6 - 24 bulan. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik total sampling yang dilakukan di 10 desa di kabupaten Pandeglang, Jawa Barat. Waktu erupsi gigi menggunakan angka Perkembangan Gigi Sulung oleh American Dental Association (ADA). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keterlambatan erupsi gigi dengan IMT ibu, status gizi anak, dan jenis kelamin, diperoleh nilai p=0,05. Jenis kelamin perempuan (AOR=1,51), stunting (AOR=1,86), dan berat badan kurang (AOR=1,78) meningkatkan kemungkinan erupsi tertunda. Simpulan: Status gizi secara memengaruhi waktu erupsi. Mengintegrasikan pemeriksaan gigi ke dalam pemantauan pertumbuhan anak secara rutin dapat meningkatkan deteksi dini risiko pada anak usia 6-24 bulan.
Hubungan karies gigi dengan kualitas hidup pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar: studi cross-sectional
Pendahuluan: Karies gigi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang umum terjadi di dunia dan dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup anak. Berdasarkan data WHO melaporkan prevalensi karies gigi pada anak sekolah di dunia mencapai 60–90%. Prevalensi karies gigi di Indonesia berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dilaporkan mencapai 82,8%. Sementara itu Riskesdas 2018 melaporkan bahwa prevalensi karies gigi pada anak di Indonesia mencapai 88,8% dengan tingkat karies tertinggi pada kelompok usia 5-9 tahun dan 10-14 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karies gigi dengan kualitas hidup pada anak di SDN 004 Teratak Buluh. Metode: jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 55 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rentang waktu Juli–Desember 2024. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Skala OHIP-14 digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas hidup, sedangkan indeks DMF-T/def-t digunakan untuk mengukur status karies. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer yang diambil dari formulir hasil pemeriksaan karies gigi siswa SDN 004 Teratak Buluh dan data penilaian kualitas hidup diambil dari hasil penilaian kuesioner OHIP-14. Uji analisis data menggunakan Chi-Square. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden mengalami karies gigi sebanyak 80%, status kualitas hidup responden berkategori buruk sebanyak 67,3%. Uji statistik hubungan karies gigi dengan kualitas hidup menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan nilai p<0.001 Simpulan: Peningkatan kejadian karies gigi berhubungan dengan penurunan kualitas hidup pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Relationship between dental caries and quality of life among elementary school aged children : a cross-sectional study Introduction: Dental caries is a common oral health problem worldwide and can significantly affect quality of life among children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of dental caries in school-aged children worldwide ranges from 60% to 90%. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia was reported to reach 82.8%. Meanwhile, the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) report showed that the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesian children reached 88.8%, with the highest incidence observed among those aged 5–9 years and 10–14 years. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dental caries and quality of life among children at SDN 004 Teratak Buluh. Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling, with a total sample of 55 participants. Data collection was carried out from July to December 2024. The questionnaire was Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), which was used to measure quality of life, while the DMF-T/def-t index was used to measure caries status. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents experienced dental caries 80%, while 67.3% were categorized as having poor quality of life. Statistical analysis of the relationship between dental caries and quality of life showed a significant relationship (p <0.001) Conclusion: An increased incidence of dental caries was significantly associated with a decrease in quality of life among elementary school–aged children.
Pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak cangkang kerang hijau (Perna Viridis) konsentrasi 20% dalam sediaan mousse terhadap kadar kalsium email gigi sulung: studi eksperimental
Pendahuluan: Cangkang kerang hijau (Perna viridis) mengandung 95% kalsium karbonat amorf murni yang berfungsi sebagai prekursor hidroksiapatit. Hidroksiapatit berperan dalam proses remineralisasi gigi. Efektifitas penggunaan sintesis hidroksiapatit sangat dipengaruhi oleh bentuk sediaan yang diberikan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak cangkang kerang hijau (Perna Viridis) konsentrasi 20% dalam sediaan mousse terhadap kadar kalsium email gigi sulung. Metode: penelitian eksperimental semu dengan menggunakan 16 gigi insisivus desidui anterior yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok penelitian. Sebelum diberikan perlakuan, dilakukan demineralisasi menggunakan asam fosfat 37%. Kelompok perlakuan diaplikasikan mousse cangkang kerang hijau konsentrasi 20%, kelompok kontrol positif diaplikasikan CPP-ACP, kelompok kontrol negatif tidak diberikan perlakuan dan kelompok basis diaplikasikan mousse ke permukaan labial gigi. Keseluruhan sampel dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator bersuhu 37˚C dan diambil sesuai dengan waktu retensinya yaitu 30 menit, setelah pemaparan bahan remineralisasi. Pengukuran kadar kalsium gigi dilakukan menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Anova dan post hoc. Hasil: Kelompok mousse cangkang kerang hijau memiliki kadar kalsium tertinggi, diikuti dengan kelompok kontrol positif, basis mousse dan kelompok kontrol negatif. Hasil One Way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kadar kalsium yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan (p=0,001). Hasil uji Post Hoc LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok kontrol positif (p=0,001) dan kelompok mousse kerang hijau (p=0,001). Simpulan: Pemberian aplikasi mousse ekstrak cangkang kerang hijau konsentrasi 20% dapat meningkatkan kadar kalsium email gigi sulung. Effect of 20% green mussel (Perna viridis) shell extract in mousse formulation on the calcium content of deciduous tooth enamel: an experimental study Introduction: Green mussel shells (Perna viridis) contain 95% amorphous calcium carbonate (CACO3), which serves as a precursor for hydroxyapatite, which plays an important role in the tooth remineralization process. The effectiveness of hydroxyapatite synthesis application is greatly influenced by the formulation and form of the preparation. This study aimed to determine the effect of a 20% green mussel shell extract in mousse formulation on the calcium content of deciduous tooth enamel. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using 16 anterior deciduous incisor teeth divided into four experimental groups. Before treatment, demineralization was performed using 37% phosphoric acid. The treatment group received mousse containing 20% green mussel shell extract, the positive control group received CPP-ACP, the negative control group received no treatment, and the base group received plain mousse applied to the labial tooth surface. All samples were placed in an incubator at a temperature of 37˚C and collected according to their retention time, i.e., 30 minutes after exposure to the remineralizing agents. Measurement of enamel calcium levels was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc LSD test. Results: The group treated with 20% green mussel shell mousse showed the highest calcium levels followed by the positive control group, mousse base group, and negative control group. The one-way ANOVA results showed a significant difference in calcium levels between treatment groups (p=0.001). The Post Hoc LSD test results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the negative control group and both the positive control (p=0.001) and green mussel mousse group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Application of 20% green mussel shell extract mousse effectively increases the calcium content of deciduous tooth enamel.
Kajian kesesuaian cemaran logam berat dalam pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia 8861:2020: Studi eksperimental
Pendahuluan: Pasta gigi bermanfaat dalam upaya kontrol plak secara mekanis sehingga berperan dalam mencegah penyakit periodontal. Produk pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dalam pasta gigi harus memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8861:2020, diantaranya cemaran logam berat, Timbal (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Raksa (Hg) dan Arsen (As) dapat mengganggu kesehatan tubuh manusia. Belum ada informasi tentang adanya cemaran logam berat dalam pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta. Tujuan penelitian mengkaji kesesuaian cemaran Pb, Cd, Hg dan As dalam pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dengan standar SNI 8861:2020. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratoris dengan sampel pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dengan konsentrasi 0,0625%, 0,125%, 0,25%, dan 0,5% serta plasebo. Pembuatan ekstrak biji kopi robusta menggunakan metode maserasi. Pembuatan pasta gigi plasebo dengan kandungan magnesium karbonat, kalsium karbonat, gliserin, propilen glikol, trietanolamin, oleum menthae piperithae, dan aquades steril. Pembuatan pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dengan cara mencampur bahan pasta gigi plasebo dengan ekstrak biji kopi robusta 0,0625%, 0,125%, 0,25%, dan 0,5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji Pb, Cd, Hg dan As dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom. Hasil: Kadar Pb pada kontrol negatif 1,382 dan perlakuan 1,687–1,846. Kadar Cd pada kontrol negatif 0,240 dan perlakuan 0,216–0,239. Kadar Hg dan As pada semua kelompok 0. Seluruh kadar logam masih di bawah batas cemaran. Simpulan: Terdapat cemaran logam berat Pb dan Cd pada pasta gigi ekstrak biji kopi robusta dibawah batas maksimal berdasarkan SNI 8861:2020. Analysis of the compliance of heavy metal contamination in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8861:2020: an experimental laboratory study Introduction: Toothpaste plays an important role in mechanical plaque control and in preventing periodontal disease. Natural ingredients, including robusta coffee beans, have been used in toothpaste formulations. Toothpaste products containing robusta coffee bean extract must meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8861:2020, which includes provisions on heavy metal contamination (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) that can affect human health. To date, there is no information available regarding the presence of heavy metal contamination in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the compliance of Pb, Cd, Hg and As contamination levels in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste with the SNI 8861:2020 standard. Method: This study employed an experimental laboratory design using samples of robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste with concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%, as well as a placebo. The robusta coffee bean extract was prepared using the maceration method. The placebo toothpaste was composed of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, glycerin, propylene glycol, triethanolamine, oleum menthae piperitae, and sterile distilled water. The robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste was made by mixing the placebo base with the extract at concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%. Subsequently, tests for Pb, Cd, Hg, and As contamination were carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Result: Pb levels in the negative control group were 1.382, while those in treatment groups ranged from 1.687 to 1.846. Cd levels in the negative control were 0.240, and in the treatment groups ranged from 0.216 to 0.239. Hg and As levels in all groups were 0. All measured levels of heavy metals remained below the contamination limits set by SNI 8861:2020. Conclusion: The findings showed the presence of Pb and Cd contamination in robusta coffee bean extract toothpaste. However, all concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits established in SNI 8861:2020.
Tingkat kepedulian ibu dikaji dari pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap status kesehatan rongga mulut anak sindrom Down: studi cross sectional
Pendahuluan: Anak dengan sindrom Down memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami kesehatan rongga mulut yang buruk akibat gangguan motorik, gangguan kognitif serta rendahnya kepedulian ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kepedulian ibu yang berdasarkan pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap status kesehatan rongga mulut anak sindrom Down usia 6-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dilakukan pada 30 anak sindrom Down dan Persatuan Orang Tua Anak sindrom Down (POTADS) di Yogyakarta dan Kebumen. Tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku dinilai menggunakan kuesioner skala Guttman yang di kembangkan dari penelitian Arnela Nur. Status kesehatan rongga mulut anak diukur dengan gingival index (GI) dan patient hygiene performance index (PHP). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji correlation Spearman dan regresi linier berganda pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara perilaku ibu dengan GI (r=0,57; p<0,05), PHP (r=0,74; p<0,05) dan pengetahuan ibu dengan PHP (r=0,38; p<0,05) pengetahuan dengan PHP (r=-0,20; p>0,05) tidak bermakna. Kontribusi pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap GI memiliki nilai R²=0,39, sedangkan kontribusinya terhadap PHP adalah R²=0,67. Simpulan: Pengetahuan ibu memiliki hubungan yang lemah terhadap penurunan skor PHP dan tidak berhubungan dengan GI ,anak, sedangkan perilaku ibu menunjukkan hubungan bermakna terhadap penurunan skor GI dan PHP anak, sehingga perilaku perawatan mulut yang baik dari ibu untuk anak dapat meningkatkan kesehatan rongga mulut anak sindrom Down. Assessment of maternal concern based on mothers’ knowledge and behavior toward the oral health status of children with Down syndrome: a cross-sectional study Introduction: Children with Down syndrome are at high risk for poor oral health due to motor impairments, cognitive limitations, and low levels of maternal concern. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of maternal concern, based on knowledge and behavior, on the oral health status of children with down syndrome aged 6-12 years. Methods: This observational study with a cross-sectional approach involved 30 children with Down syndrome and their mothers, members of Persatuan Orang Tua Anak Sindrom Down (POTADS) in Yogyakarta and Kebumen. Maternal knowledge and behavior were assessed using a Guttman scale questionnaire developed from the study of Arnela Nur. The children’s oral health status was measured using the Gingival Index (GI) and Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Index. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test and multiple linear regression at a 95% confidence level. Results: There was a significant relationship between maternal behavior and the GI (r=0.57; p<0.05) and PHP scores (r=0.74; p<0.05), as well as between maternal knowledge and PHP (r 0.38; p<0.05). However, the relationship between knowledge and GI was not significant (r=–0.20; p>0.05). The contribution of maternal knowledge and behavior to GI was R²=0.39, while their contribution to PHP was R²=0.67. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge showed a weak relationship with lower PHP scores and no association with GI, whereas maternal behavior showed a significant relationship with reduced GI and PHP scores in children. Thus, good maternal oral care behavior can improve the oral health status of children with Down syndrome.
Pengaruh lama waktu pemanasan dan jenis preheated resin komposit sebagai bahan sementasi terhadap kekuatan geser perlekatan veneer lithium disilicate: studi eksperimental
Pendahuluan: Veneer Lithium disilicate banyak digunakan sebagai kebutuhan estetik gigi anterior. Pemilihan bahan sementasi penting diperhatikan untuk mencapai keberhasilan penggunaan veneer dalam jangka panjang. Pemanasan resin komposit untuk meningkatkan sifat fisik dan mekaniknya menjadikan preheated resin komposit sebagai alternatif semen resin yang banyak digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jenis resin komposit dan lama pemanasan preheated resin komposit sebagai bahan sementasi veneer lithium disilicate. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan 48 sampel gigi premolar maksila yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok yaitu jenis resin komposit microhybrid dengan lama pemanasan 10, 20, dan 30 menit dan resin komposit nanohybrid dengan lama pemanasan 10, 20, dan 30 menit yang dipanaskan pada suhu 55ºC sebagai bahan sementasi lithium disilicate. Sampel disimpan dalam inkubator suhu 37º selama 24 jam, lalu diuji kekuatan geser perlekatan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM) kecepatan 0,5 mm/menit. Pengamatan tambahan dilakukan dengan mikroskop stereo untuk mengidentifikasi tipe kegagalan perlekatan. Hasil: Uji ANAVA dua arah menunjukkan bahwa jenis preheated resin komposit memiliki nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05) artinya terdapat pengaruh signifikan jenis resin komposit nanohybrid dan microhybrid terhadap kekuatan geser perlekatan, sedangkan variabel lama pemanasan diperoleh nilai p=0,058 (p>0,05) artinya tidak ada pengaruh antar kelompok lama pemanasan resin komposit nanohybrid dan microhybrid terhadap kekuatan geser perlekatan. Simpulan: preheated resin komposit microhybrid sebagai bahan sementasi lithium disilicate menghasilkan kekuatan geser lebih baik dibandingkan nanohybrid. Lama pemanasan resin komposit suhu 55° selama 10, 20, dan, 30 menit tidak berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan geser perlekatan. The effect of heating duration and type of preheated resin composite as a cementing material on the shear bond strength of lithium disilicate veneers: an experimental study Introduction: Lithium disilicate veneers are highly favored for anterior aesthetic restorations. Selecting the appropriate cementing material is crucial for long term success of veneers. Heating resin composites to enhance their physical and mechanical properties has made preheated resin composites a widely used alternative to resin cement. This study aimed to analyze the effect of resin composite type and heating duration for preheated resin composites as cementing materials for lithium disilicate veneers. Methods: This laboratory experimental study involved 48 maxillary premolar samples divided into six groups: microhybrid resin composite with heating durations of 10, 20, and 30 minutes, and nanohybrid resin composite with the same heating durations. The resin composites were heated to 55ºC before being used as cementing materials for lithium disilicate veneers. All samples were stored in an incubator at 37ºC for 24 hours and then tested for shear bond strength using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Additional observations were made using a stereo microscope to identify the failure type. Results: The two-way ANOVA test showed that the type of preheated resin composite had a significant effect (p =0.001, p <0.05) on shear bond strength, indicating a difference between nanohybrid and microhybrid composites. In contrast, the heating duration variable obtained a p =0.058 (p> 0.05), indicating no significant effect among the heating time of nanohybrid and microhybrid composites on shear bond strength. Conclusion: Preheated microhybrid resin composite as a cementing material for lithium disilicate veneers showed higher shear bond strength than nanohybrid resin composite. Heating durations of 10, 20, and 30 minutes at 55ºC did not significantly affect shear bond strength.
Efektivitas minyak atsiri daun dan batang semu serai dapur terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans: studi eksperimental
Pendahuluan : Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh Streptococcus mutans. Penggunaan antibiotik masih menjadi perawatan utama, namun beresiko menimbulkan alergi dan resistensi bakteri apabila tidak diberikan secara tepat. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemanfaatan tanaman obat sebagai alternatif antibakteri, salah satunya serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) yang mengandung minyak atsiri dengan senyawa antibakteri seperti sitral, geraniol, dan neral. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis efektivitas minyak atsiri daun dan batang semu serai dapur terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Sampel penelitian ini Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Minyak atsiri serai dapur daun dan batang semu didapatkan dari destilasi air-uap kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi cakram menggunakan media Nutrient Agar (NA) terhadap konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15% dan kontrol positif (Amoksisilin 32 µg), serta kontrol negatif (DMSO). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji two way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan uji LSD. Hasil: Terdapat zona hambat minyak atsiri daun dan batang semu terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Minyak atsiri daun serai dapur konsentrasi 5% (2,86 mm), 10% (9,78 mm) dan 15% (14,96 mm), sedangkan minyak atsiri batang semu serai dapur konsentrasi 5% (1,23 mm), 10% (7,58 mm) dan 15% (13,55 mm). Uji two way ANOVA dan uji LSD diperoleh hasil yang signifikan dengan p=0,001 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat efektivitas minyak atsiri daun dan batang semu serai dapur terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans pada konsentrasi 15% dengan kategori kuat. The effectiveness of essential oil from lemongrass leaves and pseudostems on the growth Of Streptococcus mutans: an experimental study Introduction: Dental caries is the most prevalent oral health problem in Indonesia, primarily caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Antibiotics remain the main treatment, but they carry the risk of causing allergies and bacterial resistance if not administered properly. This problem can be addressed by utilizing medicinal plants as alternative antibacterial agents, one of which is lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.), which contains essential oils with antibacterial compounds such as citral, geraniol, and neral. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of essential oils from lemongrass leaves and pseudostems on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. The research sample was Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Essential oils from lemongrass leaves and pseudostems were obtained from steam distillation and then tested for antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method with Nutrient Agar (NA) medium at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and a positive control (Amoxicillin 32 µg) as well as a negative control (DMSO). Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA test followed by an LSD test. Results: There was an inhibition zone formed by essential oils from lemongrass leaves and pseudostems against Streptococcus mutans. Essential oil from lemongrass leaves at concentrations of 5% (2.86 mm), 10% (9.78 mm), and 15% (14.96 mm), while lemongrass pseudostem essential oil at concentrations of 5% (1.23 mm), 10% (7.58 mm) and 15% (13.55 mm). The two-way ANOVA and LSD tests yielded significant results with p=0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was significant antibacterial activity in essential oil from the leaves and pseudostems of lemongrass against the growth of Streptococcus mutans at a concentration of 15%,indicating strong antibacterial strength.
Pengaruh kehilangan mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas terhadap tongue thrusting pada anak usia 4-6 tahun: studi cross sectional
Pendahuluan: Tongue thrusting dapat diakibatkan karena kondisi lokal rongga mulut maupun faktor sistemik. Ada pendapat yang mengatakan premature loss gigi anterior dapat mengembangkan kebiasaan tongue thrusting. Lidah mempunyai adaptasi yang luar biasa terhadap perubahan rongga mulut termasuk kehilangan mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kehilangan mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas terhadap tongue thrusting pada anak usia 4-6 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional di 6 TK Kecamatan Wates Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Sampel dipilih secara acak sebanyak 96 sampel dari masing-masing kelompok yaitu 96 anak yang kehilangan mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas dan 96 yang memiliki mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas utuh. Pemeriksaan pada subyek dilakukan untuk melihat ada atau tidak adanya tongue thrusting saat menelan. Data diuji menggunakan uji chi-square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tongue thrusting lebih banyak terjadi pada anak yang kehilangan mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas (80,21%) dibanding anak yang memiliki mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas utuh (21,88%). Terdapat perbedaan tongue thrusting yang signifikan antara kelompok anak yang kehilangan mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas dan anak yang memiliki mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas utuh (p=0,001). Simpulan: Tongue thrusting lebih banyak terjadi pada anak yang kehilangan mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas dibanding anak yang memiliki mahkota gigi desidui anterior atas yang utuh. The Effect of Upper Anterior Deciduous Crown Loss on Tongue Thrusting in Children Aged 4–6 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study Introduction: Tongue thrusting can be associated with local conditions of the oral cavity as well as systemic factors. There is evidence suggesting that premature loss of anterior teeth can contribute to the development of tongue-thrusting habits. The tongue has a remarkable ability to adapt to changes in the oral cavity, including upper anterior deciduous crown loss. This study aimed to determine the effect of upper anterior deciduous crown loss on tongue thrusting in children aged 4-6. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six kindergartens in Wates District, Kulon Progo Regency. The sample was randomly selected and consisted of 96 children with upper anterior deciduous crown loss and 96 children with intact upper anterior deciduous crowns. All subjects underwent clinical examination to determine the presence or absence of tongue thrusting during swallowing. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that tongue thrusting occurred significantly more frequently in children with upper anterior deciduous tooth crown loss (80.21%) than in children with intact upper anterior deciduous teeth (21.88%). There was a significant difference in tongue thrusting between the group with upper anterior deciduous crown loss and the group with intact upper anterior deciduous crowns (p=0.001). Conclusion: Tongue thrusting occurs more frequently in children with upper anterior deciduous tooth crown loss compared to children with intact upper anterior deciduous teeth.
Perbedaan kekuatan transversal resin akrilik polimerisasi panas high impact dan konvensional dengan penambahan cangkang telur bebek dan kerang darah: studi eksperimental laboratoris
Pendahuluan: Resin akrilik polimerisasi panas konvensional sebagai bahan basis gigi tiruan memiliki kekurangan yaitu mudah fraktur pada kondisi klinis tertentu. Kekurangan tersebut diatasi dengan menggunakan bahan alternatif dengan sifat mekanis yang lebih baik, yaitu resin akrilik polimerisasi panas high impact atau dengan penambahan bahan penguat berupa cangkang telur bebek dan kerang darah. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan kekuatan transversal resin akrilik polimerisasi panas high impact dan konvensional dengan penambahan cangkang telur bebek dan kerang darah. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratoris. Penelitian dilakukan pada sampel resin akrilik polimerisasi panas high impact (kelompok A), resin akrilik polimerisasi panas konvensional tanpa penambahan (kelompok B), resin akrilik polimerisasi panas konvensional dengan penambahan cangkang telur bebek (kelompok C), dan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas konvensional dengan penambahan kerang darah (kelompok D) yang dibuat dalam bentuk batang uji persegi panjang ukuran 65×10×2,5±0,5 mm sebanyak 24 sampel yang diuji dengan Universal Testing Machine untuk menganalisis nilai kekuatan transversal. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Anova satu arah dan uji post hoc. Hasil: Nilai rerata kekuatan transversal kelompok A sebesar 72,62±1,190 MPa, kelompok B sebesar 69,96±1,363 MPa, kelompok C sebesar 70,54±2,602 MPa, dan kelompok D sebesar 79,80±1,888 MPa. Terdapat perbedaan rerata kekuatan transversal yang signifikan antara kelompok D dan kelompok A, kelompok D dan kelompok B, kelompok D dan kelompok C dengan nilai p=0,001, serta antara kelompok A dan kelompok B dengan nilai p=0,021 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Pemanfaatan cangkang telur bebek dan kerang darah sebagai bahan penguat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas menghasilkan peningkatan kekuatan transversal. Differences in transverse strength between high impact and conventional heat cured acrylic resin with the addition of duck eggshell and blood cockle shell: a laboratory experimental study Introduction: Conventional heat cured acrylic resin used as a denture base material has the disadvantage of being prone to fracture under certain clinical conditions. These limitations can be addressed by using materials with improved mechanical properties, namely high impact heat cured acrylic resin, or by incorporating reinforcing materials such as duck eggshell and blood cockle shell. This study aimed to analyze the differences in transverse strength between high impact and conventional heat cured acrylic resin with the addition of duck eggshell and blood cockle shell. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study conducted on samples of high impact heat cured acrylic resin (group A), conventional heat cured acrylic resin without reinforcement (group B), conventional heat cured acrylic resin with the addition of duck eggshell (group C), and conventional heat cured acrylic resin with the addition of blood cockle shell (group D). The samples were fabricated as rectangular test bars measuring 65×10×2.5±0.5 mm, with a total of 24 samples, and were tested with Universal Testing Machine to determine the transverse strength. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis. Results: The mean transverse strength of group A was 72.62±1.190 MPa, group B was 69.96±1.363 MPa, group C was 70.54±2.602 MPa, and group D was 79.80±1.888 MPa. There was a significant difference in mean transverse strength between group D and group A, group D and group B, group D and group C with a p value = 0.0001, as well as between group A and group B with a p value = 0.021 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of duck eggshell and blood cockle shell as reinforcing materials in heat cured acrylic resin can increase transverse strength.
Manifestasi dan tatalaksana xerostomia pada pasien penderita systemic lupus erythematosus: laporan kasus
Pendahuluan: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) adalah penyakit autoimun kronis yang memiliki manifestasi oral berupa xerostomia (mulut kering). Xerostomia didefinisikan sebagai perasaan subjektif kekeringan di rongga mulut dan merupakan istilah yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani “xeros”, yang berarti “kering”, dan “stoma”, yang berarti “mulut”. Tujuan laporan kasus ini dibuat untuk memaparkan manifestasi dan tatalaksana xerostomia pada pasien dengan SLE. Laporan kasus: Pasien Perempuan berusia 47 tahun datang ke Klinik Spesialis Penyakit Mulut RS Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda dengan keluhan mulut terasa kering dan sulit mengunyah. Diketahui pasien menderita SLE sejak tahun 2019. Pemeriksaan ekstraoral ditemukan malar rash pada wajah, pigmentasi coklat kehitaman dan exfoliative cheilitis pada bibir. Pemeriksaan intraoral menunjukkan terdapat fissured tongue pada dorsum lidah dan erythematosus patches berbatas tidak jelas pada palatum mole. Summated Xerostomia Inventory Indonesian Version (SXI-ID):13, kategori ringan, Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS): 6, kategori sedang dan Unstimulated saliva: 0 ml/menit hiposalivasi. Tatalaksana dengan edukasi dan instruksi peningkatan hidrasi dan stimulus kerja kelenjar saliva. Simpulan: Xerostomia pada pasien SLE dapat bermanifestasi sebagai keluhan mulut terasa kering, cheilitis pada bibir, serta mukosa oral yang tampak kering dan pucat. Tatalaksana dilakukan melalui edukasi peningkatan hidrasi dan stimulasi saliva menggunakan permen karet bebas gula. Evaluasi pascaperawatan menunjukkan peningkatan hasil laju alir saliva tanpa stimulasi dari 0 ml/menit menjadi 0,008 ml/menit. Manifestation and management of xerostomia in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: case report Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that may present with oral manifestations, including xerostomia (dry mouth). Xerostomia is defined as the subjective feeling of dryness in the oral cavity and the term is derived from the Greek words “xeros”, meaning “dry”, and “stoma”, meaning “mouth”. This case report aims to describe the manifestations and management of xerostomia in a patient with SLE. Case report: A 47-year-old female patient presented to the Oral Medicine Specialist Clinic of Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda complaining of dry mouth and difficulty chewing. The patient had been diagnosed with SLE since 2019. Extraoral examination revealed a malar rash on the face, brownish-black pigmentation and exfoliative cheilitis on the lips. Intraoral examination showed a fissured tongue on the dorsum of the tongue and erythematous patches with ill-defined borders on the soft palate. The Summated Xerostomia Inventory Indonesian Version (SXI-ID) score was 13 (mild category), the Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS) was 6 (moderate category), and unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0 ml/min, indicating hyposalivation. Management included patient education with instructions to increase hydration and stimulate salivary gland activity. Conclusion: Xerostomia in patients with SLE may manifest as complaints of oral dryness, cheilitis and clinically dry, and pale oral mucosa. Management included hydration counseling and salivary stimulation using sugar-free chewing gum, which resulted in an increase in the unstimulated salivary flow rate from 0 ml/min to 0.008 ml/min.
Tantangan penegakan diagnosis dan tatalaksana bedah kista radikular asimtomatik: laporan kasus
Pendahuluan: Kista radikular merupakan kista odontogenik asimtomatik yang berasal dari proliferasi abnormal sel-sel Rest of Malasszes pada apikal gigi nonvital. Kista radikular sering ditemukan secara tidak sengaja pada pemeriksaan radiografi. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis definitif. Perawatan bedah bertujuan untuk mencegah rekurensi dan mendapatkan regenerasi jaringan. Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk menyajikan mengenai tantangan penegakan diagnosis dan tatalaksana bedah kista radikular asimtomatik yang ditemukan insidental pada pasien hipertensi terkontrol dengan riwayat penggunaan gigi tiruan yang dibuat oleh tukang gigi. Laporan kasus: Seorang wanita datang ingin memperbarui gigi tiruannya. Dia sudah menggunakan gigi tiruan lama selama 5 tahun yang dibuat oleh tukang gigi. Pemeriksaan intraoral ditemukan masih ada sisa akar pada gigi anterior rahang atas. Hasil radiografi menunjukan gambaran radiolusen berukuran ± 1,5 mm x 2 mm dengan batas yang jelas dan tegas pada periapikal gigi 21 dan 22. Ekstraksi transalveolar dilakukan untuk mencabut sisa akar gigi 21 dan 22 kemudian dilakukan enukleasi dan kuretase kista pada periapikalnya. Jaringan dikirim ke laboratorium untuk mendapatkan pembacaan histopatologi. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi mendukung diagnosis kista radikular. Agen hemostatik diletakkan pada dead space untuk menghentikan perdarahan dan mempercepat proses proliferasi jaringan. Jahitan dilakukan dengan teknik simple interrupted dengan benang silk 4.0. Kontrol 2 minggu setelahnya untuk melepas benang jahitan dan tidak ditemukan keluhan dari pasien. Simpulan: Pemeriksaan klinis, radiografi, dan histopatologi yang baik dapat mendukung penegakan diagnosis kista radikular. Perawatan bedah dengan enukleasi kista bertujuan untuk mencegah rekurensi kista radikular. Medikasi yang tepat membantu mencegah adanya komplikasi pasca operasi. Challenges in the diagnosis and surgical management of asymptomatic radicular cysts: a case report Introduction: A radicular cyst is an asymptomatic odontogenic cyst that originates from the abnormal proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez in the periapical area of a non-vital tooth. Radicular cysts are often discovered incidentally during radiographic examination. Histopathological analysis is essential to establish a definitive diagnosis. Surgical management aims to prevent recurrence and promote tissue regeneration. This case report aims to describe the challenges in diagnosing and surgically managing an asymptomatic radicular cyst that was incidentally discovered in a patient with controlled hypertension and a history of using dentures fabricated by a dental technician. Case report: A female patient presented to replace her existing denture, which had been in use for five years and was fabricated by a dental technician. Intraoral examination revealed retained roots in the anterior maxillary region. Radiographic evaluation showed a well-defined radiolucent area measuring approximately 1.5 mm × 2 mm in the periapical region of teeth 21 and 22. A transalveolar extraction procedure was performed to remove the remaining roots of teeth 21 and 22, followed by cyst enucleation and curettage at the periapical site. The tissue was sent to the laboratory for histopathological examination, which supported the diagnosis of a radicular cyst. A hemostatic agent was placed in the dead space to control bleeding and facilitate tissue healing. Suturing was performed using the simple interrupted technique with 4.0 silk sutures. A follow-up appointment was scheduled two weeks postoperatively to remove the sutures, and the patient reported no complaints during the visit. Conclusion: Comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathological examinations are essential for establishing the diagnosis of a radicular cyst. Surgical treatment with cyst enucleation aims to prevent recurrence. Appropriate postoperative management helps minimize complications.
Hemisection of the upper right first molar with a grade-2 furcation lesion: case report
Introduction: Hemisection is the separation procedure of multiple root teeth from the crown to the furcation and removing one damaged root with periodontium abnormalities, followed by a fixed denture treatment for retaining partially damaged posterior teeth. This case report aims to demonstrate the clinical management of a maxillary first molar with grade-2 furcation involvement using a multidisciplinary approach consisting of endodontic treatment, surgical hemisection, and prosthodontic rehabilitation, and to highlight hemisection as a conservative tooth-preserving treatment option compared with extraction and implant therapy. Case report: A female patient, 56 years old, visited the Dental Conservation Clinic of Prof. Soedomo RSGM with discomfort in the right upper molars when chewing. Based on the dental and radiograph examination, the diagnosis was pulp necrosis with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Beginning with root canal treatment, the damaged mesial root of tooth 16 was hemisected; triangular flap was prepared in the buccal region of the maxillary right first molar; the tooth was divided mesial-distally; mesial root was removed; socket was debrided; the flap was sutured with interrupted technique and the surgical wound was closed. A modified ridge lap pontics denture design was discussed with the Prosthodontia specialist. Conclusion: A root canal-treated abutment tooth followed by hemisection was confirmed to be a better treatment choice in this case over extraction, with the goal of retaining the tooth with the damaged root in the mouth and restoring dental function. Hemiseksi gigi molar pertama kanan atas dengan lesi furkasi derajat-2: laporan kasus Pendahuluan: Hemiseksi adalah prosedur pemisahan beberapa akar gigi dari mahkota sampai ke furkasi dan pencabutan satu akar yang rusak dengan kelainan periodontal, dilanjutkan dengan perawatan fixed bridge untuk mempertahankan gigi. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan pengelolaan klinis gigi molar pertama rahang atas dengan keterlibatan furkasi derajat 2 menggunakan pendekatan multidisiplin yang meliputi perawatan endodontik, hemiseksion bedah, dan rehabilitasi prostodontik, serta menyoroti hemiseksion sebagai opsi perawatan konservatif yang mempertahankan gigi dibandingkan dengan ekstraksi dan terapi implan. Laporan kasus: Seorang pasien wanita, 56 tahun, datang ke Klinik Konservasi Gigi RSGM Prof. Soedomo dengan keluhan rasa tidak nyaman pada gigi geraham kanan atas saat mengunyah. Diagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan gigi dan radiografi adalah nekrosis pulpa dengan periodontitis apikal asimptomatik. Dilakukan perawatan saluran akar, hemiseksi akar mesial gigi 16 yang mengalami kerusakan dilakukan pada kunjungan berikutnya, insisi dengan triangular flap dilakukan pada daerah bukal gigi molar pertama kanan atas, gigi diseparasi mesial dan distal, akar mesial diekstraksi, debridemen soket mesial, flap dijahit dengan teknik interrupted. Desain fixed bridge berupa modified ridge lap pontics yang telah didiskusikan dengan spesialis Prostodonsia. Kesimpulan: Perawatan saluran akar gigi penyangga yang diikuti dengan hemiseksi dipastikan menjadi pilihan perawatan yang lebih baik dalam kasus ini daripada pencabutan gigi dengan tujuan mempertahankan gigi dengan salah satu akar yang rusak di dalam mulut dan mengembalikan fungsi gigi.