MENYOAL RESOLUSI KONFLIK BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF TEORI KRITIS
Abstrak
Penyelesaian konflik adalah bidang pluralistik dengan beragam orientasi teoritis, karena dipengaruhi oleh konteks praktik dan tujuan spesifiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami konsepsi resolusi konflik dengan menggunakan perspektif teori kritis sebagai upaya penyelesaian konflik, sehingga netralitas yang dijanjikan dalam setiap praktik resolusi konflik dapat diklarifikasi dalam praktik. Metode deskripsif dan pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teori kritis berperan penting dalam menginformasikan operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian dengan menunjukkan bahwa menciptakan perdamaian yang berkelanjutan melibatkan praktisi yang tidak hanya menunjukkan netralitas dari praktisi resolusi konflik ataupun menenangkan pihak-pihak yang bertikai. Resolusi konflik apa pun yang diusahakan oleh praktisi resolusi konflik harus menjamin hak asasi manusia, keadilan sosial dan hak ekonomi pihak-pihak yang berkonflik.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
American Arbitration Association, American Bar Association, and Association for Conflict Resolution. (2005). Model Standards of Conduct for Mediators, Critical Conflict Resolution Theory and Practice 423. DOI: 10.1002/crq retrieved
Brown, A. A. (2017). Emergent strategy: Shaping change, changing worlds. Chico, CA: AK Press.
Chambon, A. S., Irving, A., and Epstein, L. (1999). “Foucault’s Approach: Making the Familiar Visible.” In A. S. Chambon, A. Irving, and L. Epstein (eds.), Reading Foucault for Social Work. New York: Columbia University Press.
Chatterjee, P. (1996). Approaches to the Welfare State. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Social Workers.
Chenoweth, E., & Cunningham, K. G. (2013). Understanding nonviolent resistance: An introduction. Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313480381
Cobb, S., & Rifkin, J. (1991). Practice and paradox: Deconstructing neutrality in mediation. Law and Social Inquiry, 16(1), 35–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1991.tb00283.x
Davis, A. Y. (2016). Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the foundations of a movement. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.
Disney, A., & Gbowee, L. (2012). Gender and sustainable peace. In P. T. Coleman (Ed.), Psychological components of sustainable peace (pp. 197–203). New York, NY: Springer.
Eide, A. (1972) “Dialogue and Confrontation in Europe.” Journal of Conflict Resolution. 16(4), 511–522.
English, M. D., & Sweetman, D. (2017). Critical conflict resolution, systemic consciousness and systemic contractions. Journal of Mediation and Applied Conflict Analysis, 4(1), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.33232/jmaca.4.1.8331
Fisher, R. J. (2016). Ronald J. Fisher: Advancing the understanding and effectiveness of third party interventions in destructive intergroup conflict. In R. J. Fisher (Ed.), Ronald J. Fisher: A north American Pioneer in interactive conflict resolution (Vol. 14, pp. 3–29). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39038-3_1
Foucault, M. (1994a). “The Subject and Power.” In P. Rubinow and N. Rose (eds.), The Essential Foucault. New York: New Press.
Foucault, M. (1994b). “Truth and Power.” In P. Rubinow and N. Rose (eds.), The Essential Foucault. New York: New Press.
Freire, P. (1997). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (20th anniversary ed.). New York: Continuum.
Galper, J. (1980). Social Work Practice: A Radical Perspective. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Galper, J. (1975). The Politics of Social Services. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Galtung, J. (2000). Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means: The Transcend Method, Participant’s and Trainer’s Manual.
Gil, D. G. (1998). Confronting Injustice and Oppression: Concepts and Strategies for Social Workers. New York: Columbia University Press.
Glowacki, Luke, Michael L. Wilson, and Richard W. Wrangham. (2017). “The evolutionary anthropology of war.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.09.014.
Habibal, O. (2019). Evolution of international peace and conflict resolution studies. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 2(3), 8–17.
Hames, Raymond. (2015). “Kin Selection.” In The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David Buss, Second edition, 2:505–23. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Hansen, T. (2008). Critical conflict resolution theory and practice. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 25(4), 403–427. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.215
Heyworth, E. (1991). “‘Town’/‘Gown’ and Community Relations: Case Studies of Social Empowerment.” In P. Harries-Jones (ed.), Making Knowledge Count: Advocacy and Social Science. Buffalo, N.Y.: McGill-Queens University Press.
Jackson, R. (2015). How resistance can save peace studies. Journal of Resistance Studies, 1(1), 18–49.
Kent, G. (1971). “The Application of Peace Studies.” Journal of Conflict Resolution. 15(1) 47–53.
Knupfer, A. M. (1995). “Conflict Resolution or ‘Convict Revolution’? The Problematics of Critical Pedagogy in the Classroom.” Urban Education. 30(2), 219–239.
King, M. L., Jr. (1963). Letter From Birmingham Jail.
Lederach, J. P. (2005). The moral imagination: The art and soul of building peace. Oxford University Press.
Martin, A. S. (2005). “Working Paper 15: The Contribution of Critical Theory to New Thinking on Peacekeeping: Some Lessons from MINURSO,”
Mayer, B. S. (2004). Beyond neutrality: Confronting the crisis in conflict resolution (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
McWhirter, B. T., and McWhirter, E. H. (2007). “Grounding Clinical Training and Supervision in an Empowerment Model.” In E. Aldarondo (ed.), Advancing Social Justice Through Clinical Practice. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
National Association of Social Workers. (1999). Code of Ethics.
O’Brien, C. (2005). “Integrated Community Development/Conflict Resolution Strategies as ‘Peace Building Potential’ in South Africa and Northern Ireland.” Community Development Journal. 42(1), 114–130
Parker, G. A. (2006). “Sexual Conflict over Mating and Fertilization: An Overview.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 361 (1466): 235–59. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1785
Parker, Geoff A., Nick J. Royle, and Ian R. Hartley. (2002). “Intrafamilial Conflict and Parental Investment: A Synthesis.” Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 357 (1419): 295-307
Payne, M. (2005). “From Radical to Critical Perspectives.” In Modern Social Work Theory (3rd ed.). Chicago: Lyceum,.
Quille, M. M. (2000). “Working Papers: A Response to Recent Critiques of Conflict Resolution: Is Critical Theory the Answer?”
Redhead, Daniel, and Christopher Von Rueden. (2021). “Coalitions and Conflict: A Longitudinal Analysis of Men’s Politics.” Evolutionary Human Sciences, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2021.26.
Rapoport, A. (1970). “Can Peace Be Applied?” Journal of Conflict Resolution. 14(2), 277–286.
Richerson, Peter, Ryan Baldini, Adrian V. Bell, Kathryn Demps, Karl Frost, Vicken Hillis, Sarah Mathew, Emily K. Newton, Nicole Naar, and Lesley Newson. (2016). “Cultural Group Selection Plays an Essential Role in Explaining Human Cooperation: A Sketch of the Evidence.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.
Ross, K., Burnett, C., Raschupkina, Y., & Kew, D. (2019). Scaling-up peacebuilding and social justice work: A conceptual model. Peace and Change, 44(4), 497–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/pech.12371
Roy, B., Burdick, J., & Kriesberg, L. (2010). A conversation between conflict resolution and social movement scholars. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 27(4), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.20002
Roy, B. (2007). “Radical Psychiatry: An Approach to Personal and Political Change.” In E. Aldarondo (ed.), Advancing Social Justice Through Clinical Practice. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Roscoe, P. (2009). “Social Signaling and the Organization of Small-Scale Society: The Case of Contact-Era New Guinea.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 16: 69–116.
Ross, Marc Howard. (1983). “Political Decision Making and Conflict: Additional Cross Cultural Codes and Scales.” Ethnology 169. https://doi.org/10.2307/3773578.
Rubenstein, R. E. (2017). Resolving structural conflicts: How violent systems can be transformed. London, England: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315665764
Santos, Miguel dos, and Stuart A. West. (2018). “The Coevolution of Cooperation and Cognition in Humans.” Proc. R. Soc. B 285 (1879): 20180723. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0723
Scanlon, E., and Longres, J. F. (2001). “Social Justice and the Research Curriculum.” Journal of Social Work Education. 37(3), 447–463.
Schoeny, M., & Warfield, W. (2000). Reconnecting systems maintenance with social justice: A critical role for conflict resolution. Negotiation Journal, 16(3), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2000.tb00217.x
Smith, Eric Alden. (1985). “Inuit Foraging Groups: Some Simple Models Incorporating Conflicts of Interest, Relatedness, and Central-Place Sharing.” Ethology and Sociobiology 6: 27–47
Smith, Jennifer E., Eli M. Swanson, Daphna Reed, and Kay E. Holekamp. (2012). “Evolution of Cooperation Among Mammalian Carnivores and Its Relevance to Hominin Evolution.” Current Anthropology 53 (S6): S436–S452.
Smith, J., & Verdeja, E. (Eds.). (2013). Globalization, social movements, and Peacebuilding. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Spencer, M. (1991). “Advocating Peace.” In P. Harries-Jones (ed.), Making Knowledge Count: Advocacy and Social Science. Buffalo, N.Y.: McGill-Queens University Press.
Stohl, M., and Chamberlain, M. (1972). “Alternative Futures for Peace Research.” Journal of Conflict Resolution. 16(4), 523–530.
Willems, Erik P., and Carel P. van Schaik. (2017). “The Social Organization of Homo Ergaster: Inferences from Anti-Predator Responses in Extant Primates.” Journal of Human Evolution 109. 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.05.003.
Wing, L. (2008). Whither neutrality? Mediation in the twenty-first century. In M. A. Trujillo, S. Y. Bowland, L. J. Myers, P. M. Richards, & B. Roy (Eds.), Re-centering culture and knowledge in conflict resolution practice (pp. 93–107). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v5i2.50919
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.