Peran konservasi tanah terhadap cadangan karbon tanah, bahan organik, dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis jacq.)
Abstract
Penerapan konservasi tanah di perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat dilakukan secara vegetatif dan mekanik. Secara vegetatif dengan memanfaatkan tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit seperti Asystasia gangetica dan Nephrolepis biserrata sebagai tanaman penutup tanah, sedangkan secara mekanik dengan memotong panjang lereng melalui pembuatan teras gulud. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran konservasi tanah terhadap cadangan karbon tanah, bahan organik, dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Agustus 2014-April 2015 di perkebunan kelapa sawit (tahun tanam 2005) PTPN VII, Lampung Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan tersarang faktorial dengan enam ulangan tersarang di dalam perlakuan. Perlakuan terdiri dari teras gulud (tanpa teras gulud; dengan teras gulud), dan tanaman penutup tanah (tanpa tanaman penutup tanah; N.biserrata; A.gangetica). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan konservasi tanah menggunakan tanaman penutup tanah dan teras gulud di perkebunan kelapa sawit meningkatkan cadangan karbon dan bahan organik tanah dibandingkan tanpa konservasi tanah, berturut-turut sebesar 4.44 t/ha dan 0.69% (N. biserrata tanpa teras gulud); 5.28 t/ha dan 0.83% (A. gangetica tanpa teras gulud); 7.04 t/ha dan 1.10% (teras gulud tanpa tanaman penutup tanah); 10.45 t/ha dan 1.64% (N. biserrata dengan teras gulud); 11.33 t/ha dan 1.78% (A. gangetica tanpa teras gulud). Penerapan konservasi tanah juga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan kelapa sawit, terutama rataan panjang rachis dan jumlah pelepah sengkleh.
Kata kunci : Nephrolepis biserrata, Asystasia gangetica, tanaman penutup tanah, teras gulud
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v16i3.14446
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