Model GGE biplot untuk visualisasi interaksi genotip (G) x naungan (E) pada jagung toleran naungan pada sistem agroforestri
Abstract
Sari. Jagung adalah serealia penting di Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomis dan strategis untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku pangan (food), pakan (feed), dan minyak (fuel). Varietas jagung yang toleran terhadap intensitas naungan merupakan solusi tepat untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung melalui pemanfaatan lahan agroforestri. GGE biplot adalah model untuk visualisasi dan interpretasi data hasil pengujian genotipe pada lingkungan berbeda. Visualisasi aspek genotipe (G) dan lingkungan (E), dan hubungan keduanya (GXE) digambarkan sebagai biplot. Tujuan adalah untuk seleksi genotipe jagung toleran naungan pada sistem agroforestri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret-Agustus 2014 di Kebun Percobaan Cimalaka Sumedang menggunakan Split Plot Design diulang 2 kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode GGE biplot. Berdasarkan analisis scatter plot DR-21 menunjukkan galur yang memiliki umur berbunga tergenjah di lingkungan tanpa naungan; sementara pada lingkungan naungan adalah M6DR 4.7.2. Pada bobot pipil, DR-14 memiliki bobot tertinggi pada kondisi tanpa naungan, dan mutan M6DR 5.5.1 memiliki bobot tertinggi pada kondisi naungan, mutan M6DR 16.5.15 merupakan genotipe yang memiliki nilai terendah pada lingkungan naungan dan tanpa naungan. Berdasarkan analisis rangking plot menunjukkan bobot tongkol, genotip DR 10, dan DR 4 merupakan genotipe yang memiliki nilai tertinggi pada lingkungan naungan dan tanpa naungan, mutan M6BR-153.10.2 merupakan genotipe yang memiliki nilai terendah. Pada umur berbunga mutan M6DR 14.2.1, M6DR 5.4.1, M6DR 14.3.11 dan M6DR 7.1.7 merupakan genotipe yang memiliki umur berbunga tergenjah pada kedua lingkungan.
Kata kunci: jagung, toleran naungan, model GGE biplot, sistem agroforestri, albizia
Abstract. Corn is an important cereal in Indonesia that is of economic and strategic value to be developed as a food ingredient, feed and fuel. Corn varieties that are tolerant of shade intensity is the right solution to increase corn production through the use of agroforestry. GGE biplot is a model for visualizing and interpreting data from genotype testing in different environments. Visualization of aspects of G x E and their relationship are described as biplot. The aim was to select corn tolerant in agroforestry. The study was conducted in March-August 2014 in the Experimental Field Cimalaka Sumedang, used Split Plot Design and repeated 2 times. Data were analyzed using the GGE biplot. Based on a scatter plot analysis showed that DR-21 have flowering at shorter time in a non-shade environment; while in the shade environment was M6DR 4.7.2. On grain weights, DR-14 line has the highest weight in non-shade conditions, and M6DR 5.5.1 mutant has the highest weight in shade conditions, while M6DR 16.5.15 is the genotype which has the lowest value in shade and without shade. Based on the ranking plot analysis showed cob weight, DR 10, and DR 4 were genotypes that have the highest values in two conditions, while M6BR-153.10.2 mutants were genotypes which have the lowest value in two conditions. On flowering, M6DR 14.2.1, M6DR 5.4.1, M6DR 14.3.11 and M6DR 7.1.7 were genotypes that have shorter time in both environments.
Keywords: corn, shade tolerant, GGE biplot, agroforestry, albizia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v18i1.20938
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