Studi jarak tanam dan naungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan potensi Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson  sebagai tanaman penutup tanah

Yenni Asbur; Yayuk Purwaningrum; Rahmi Dwi Handayani Rambe; Dedi Kusbiantoro; Dian Hendrawan; Khairunnisyah Khairunnisyah

doi:10.24198/kultivasi.v18i3.21422

Studi jarak tanam dan naungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan potensi Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson sebagai tanaman penutup tanah

Yenni Asbur, Yayuk Purwaningrum, Rahmi Dwi Handayani Rambe, Dedi Kusbiantoro, Dian Hendrawan, Khairunnisyah Khairunnisyah

Abstract

Sari Tanaman penutup tanah adalah salah satu praktek pertanian berbasis alam yang dapat meningkatkan penyediaan berbagai layanan ekosistem di agroekosistem. A. gangetica merupakan gulma yang banyak dijumpai di perkebunan kelapa sawit dan berpotensi sebagai tanaman penutup tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari jarak tanam optimum terhadap pertumbuhan dan potensi A. gangetica sebagai tanaman penutup tanah pada lahan terbuka dan ternaungi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian UISU, Medan, dari Januari-April 2018. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama sebagai petak utama adalah naungan yang terdiri dari dua taraf, yaitu: tanpa naungan dan naungan 50%. Faktor kedua sebagai anak petak adalah jarak tanam yang terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu: 10 cm x 10 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm, 40 cm x 40 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A. gangetica berpotensi sebagai tanaman penutup tanah karena tumbuh cepat, cepat menutupi lahan, mampu beradaptasi terhadap lingkungan, dan mampu menekan pertumbuhan gulma dengan jarak tanam optimum 20 cm x 20 cm..

Kata Kunci: Tanaman penutup tanah, jarak tanam, naungan, menekan gulma

Abstract. Cover crop is one of nature-based agricultural practices that can increase the provision of various ecosystem services in agro-ecosystems. A. gangetica is a weed that is often found in oil palm plantations and has the potential as a cover crop. This study aimed to study the optimum planting distance of growth and potential of A. gangetica as a cover crop on open and shaded land. The study was conducted at the Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, UISU, Medan, from January to April 2018. The study used a Split Plot Design with three replications. The first factor as main plot was shade that consisted of two levels, there were: without shade and 50% shaded. The second factor as subplot was planting distance which consisted of three levels, there were: 10 cm x 10 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm, and 40 cm x 40 cm. The results showed that A. gangetica has the potential as cover crop because it grew fast, cover land rapidly, adapt to the environment, and able to suppress weed with an optimum planting distance of 20 cm x 20 cm.

Keywords: Cover crop, planting distance, shade, weed cover

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v18i3.21422