Pengaruh cuaca terhadap hasil pucuk teh (Camellia sinensis L.(O) Kuntze) klon GMB 7 pada periode jendangan dan pemetikan produksi

Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, Erdi Rezamela, Heri Syahrian, Vitria Hapsari Rahadi

Abstract


Sari. Banyak faktor yang berperan dalam peningkatan produktivitas tanaman teh, diantaranya adalah faktor cuaca, seperti peningkatan curah hujan dan pergerseran musim. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman teh pada musim kemarau  terutama setelah tanaman teh dipangkas dan memasuki fase jendangan dan pemetikan produksi akan lebih baik bila air cukup tersedia dan suhu tidak terlalu tinggi, sebaliknya pada musim hujan hasil tidak terlalu tinggi dan rentan terserang hama penyakit namun kualitas teh cenderung baik.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh cuaca terhadap bobot basah pucuk, bobot kering pucuk, dan rasio pucuk peko burung pada periode jendangan dan pemetikan produksi.  Percobaan dilaksanakan  di Kebun Percobaan Blok A5 Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina Gambung dari Maret-September 2018. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan pada penelitian ini tanaman teh  TM  klon GMB 7  (umur 7 tahun)  sebanyak 960 tanaman (satu plot sebanyak 10 tanaman)  dengan jarak tanam 110 cm x 90 cm. Eksperimen ini menggunakan korelasi Pearson pada level signifikansi 5%. Jumlah data berpasangan antara data cuaca dan data produksi daun teh adalah 24 unit komposit. Data cuaca yang diamati adalah suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan, dan radiasi matahari, sementara data produksi yang diamati adalah bobot basah dan bobot kering pucuk. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwafaktor suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan, dan  radiasi matahari berkorelasi negatif  dan tidak signifikan terhadap bobot basah dan bobot kering pucuk pada periode pemetikan jendangan. Unsur cuaca yaitu suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan, dan radisi matahari  berkorelasi negatif  terhadap bobot basah pucuk (BBP) dan bobot kering pucuk (BKP) pada periode pemetikan  produksi. Faktor suhu secara  signifikan/nyata dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,99  berpengaruh terhadap bobot kering pucuk.  Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu akan menurunkan bobot kering pucuk.

Kata kunci : Perubahan cuaca Jendangan Pemetikan produksi

 

Abstract. Many factors play a role in increasing the productivity of tea plants, including weather factors, such as increasing rainfall and shifting seasons. The growth and yield of tea plants in the dry season, especially after the tea plants are pruned into the tipping period and production plucking, will be better if water is available and the temperature is not too high, vice versa in the rainy season yields are not too high and susceptible to disease pests, but tea quality tends to be good. This study aimed to examine the effect of weather on shoot wet weight, shoot dry weight, and the ratio of banji shoots in tipping and production plucking period of tea. The experiment was carried out in the Block A5 Experimental Plantation, Tea and Quinine Research Center, from March until September 2018. The plant material used in this study was tea clones of GMB tea (7 years old) and number of sample was 960 plants (one plot of 10 plants) with spacing 110 cm x 90 cm. This experiment used Pearson correlation in of 5% of significance level. The number of paired data between weather data and tea leaf production data was 24 composite units. Weather data were temperature, humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation, while tea production data were wet and dry weight of shoot.The results of the analysis showed that temperature, humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation, had negative correlation and correlated not significantly to the wet weight and shoot dry weight of the shoot in tipping period. It had negative correlation too to shoot wet weight and shoot dry weight in tipping period. The temperature factor correlated significantly with a correlation value of 0.99 to the shoot dry weight. This showed that increasing the temperature will reduce the shoot dry weight.

Keywords: Weather change Tipping Production plucking


Keywords


Perubahan cuaca; Jendangan; Pemetikan produksi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v19i1.23375

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