Studi ekofisiologis tanaman teh guna meningkatkan pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kualitas teh

Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, Mira Ariyanti, Santi Rosniawaty

Abstract


Sari

Teh merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memegang peranan cukup penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, yaitu sebagai sumber pendapatan dan devisa serta penyedia lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat. Teh di Indonesia sebagian besar berasal dari Jawa Barat dengan kontribusi produksi (rata-rata lima tahun terakhir) sebesar 66,93%, sedangkan provinsi lainnya hanya berkontribusi kurang dari 10%. Produksi teh di Indonesia padatahun 2017 sebesar 146,17 ton, selalu berfluktuasi dari tahun ke tahun, hingga diperkirakan tahun 2021 menurun dengan produksi sebesar 141,63 ton. Seperti halnya komoditas perkebunan yang lain, tanaman teh dalam perkembangannya mengalami fluktuasi produksi pucuk sebagai bahan baku olahan teh. Produktivitas teh sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal (tanaman), maupun eksternal (lingkungan) .  Pengembangan tanaman teh saat ini dan masa mendatang akan dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala, diantaranya kondisi tanaman yang semakin tua sehingga perlu dimaksimalkan proses metabolismenya melalui pemeliharaan tanaman teh. Ancaman perubahan iklim berdampak besar  pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman teh. Peningkatan suhu dan penurunan curah hujan akibat pemanasan global dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas dan keberlanjutan perkebunan teh di masa depan. Ekofisiologi pada tanaman teh bisa dioptimalkan dengan memaksimalkan beberapa faktor internal dan eksternal yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan, kuantitas, dan kualitas teh.

Kata Kunci :  ekofisiologi,  pertumbuhan, produktivitas, perubahan iklim

 

Abstract

Tea is one of the plantation commodities that plays an important role in the Indonesian economy, that is a source of income and foreign exchange and a provider of employment for the community. Tea in Indonesia is mostly from West Java with a production contribution (an average of the last five years) of 66.93% while other provinces only contribute less than 10%. Tea production in Indonesia in 2017 amounted to 146.17 tons, fluctuated year to year, until it was estimated that in 2021 tea production will decrease to 141.63 tons. Like other plantation commodities, in its development, the tea plant fluctuates in shoot production as a raw material for processing tea. Tea productivity is strongly influenced by internal (plant) and external (environmental) factors. The development of tea plants at present and in the future will be faced with various problems. The condition of the older plants needs to be maximized through the maintenance of tea plants. The threat of climate change has a significant impact on the growth and yield of the tea plant. Temperature increase and rainfall decrease due to global warming can affect the productivity and sustainability of tea plantations in the future. The ecophysiology of the tea plant can be optimized by maximizing several internal and external factors that affect the growth, quantity and quality of tea.

Key words : ecophysiology, growth, productivity, climate change


Keywords


ekofisiologi; pertumbuhan; produktivitas; perubahan iklim

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v19i3.26623

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