Respons varietas-varietas gandum terhadap pemupukan silika organik di dataran medium
Abstract
Abstrak
Penanaman gandum dari dataran medium sampai ke rendah memiliki kendala, salah satunya yaitu cekaman suhu tinggi. Pemupukan silika merupakan usaha yang dapat dilakukan agar tanaman gandum tahan terhadap cekaman suhu tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara dosis pupuk silika yang terbuat dari abu ketel pabrik gula dan varietas gandum terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil gandum pada dataran medium yang lebih panas dibandingkan dengan dataran tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2018 – April 2018 di kebun percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, pada ketinggian750 mdi atas permukaan laut. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan petak utama adalah varietas dan anak petak adalah dosis pupuk silika. Faktor varietas terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu varietas Dewata, Selayar, dan GURI-6; sementara faktor dosis pupuk silika terdiri dari 6 taraf, yaitu 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, dan 300 kg/ha. Semua perlakuan diulang sebanyak 2 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara varietas dan dosis pupuk silika terhadap persentase biji bernas dan kadar gluten. Pengaruh mandiri dosis pupuk silika taraf 100 kg/ha memberikan Indeks Luas Daun dan Indeks Panen lebih tinggi dengan nilai masing-masing 3,44 dan 0,38. Pengaruh mandiri varietas GURI-6 memberikan hasil paling baik pada karakter tinggi tanaman dan panjang malai, sebesar 70,44 cm dan 6,26 cm.
Kata kunci : pupuk silika, cekaman, gandum
Abstract
Wheat cultivation in medium or lowland can suffer heat stress. Silica fertilization is an effort to decrease heat stress on wheat crop. This study aims to find the interaction between silica fertilizer doses made from sugar mill ash and wheat varieties on growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was conducted on January 2018 until April 2018 in Ciparanje experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, at an altitude of 750 m above sea level. The Experiment used Split Plot Design which used wheat varieties as main plot and silica fertilizer doses as subplot. Main plot consisted of 3 levels of variety, there were Dewata, Selayar, and GURI-6; while subplot consisted of 6 levels of silica fertilizer dose, there were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kg/ha. All treatments were replicated twice. Observations were made on the components of growth and yield of wheat crop. The results showed interaction effect between varieties and silica fertilizer dosages on the percentage of filling grain and gluten content. The single effect of silica fertilizer level of 100 kg/ha gave a higher Leaf Area Index and Harvest Index values, were 3.44 and 0.38. GURI-6 variety gave the best results on plant height and panicle length, were 70,44 cm and 6,26 cm.
Keywords: silica, stress, wheat
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Agarie, S., N. Hanaoka, O. Ueno, A. Miyazaki, F. Kubota, W. Agata, and P.B. Kaufman. 2015. Effects of silicon on tolerance to water deficit and heat stress in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.), monitored by electrolyte leakage. Plant Production Science 1(2): 96 – 103. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.1.96
Aqil, M., B.P. Marcia, dan H. Muslimah. 2011. Inovasi gandum adaptif dataran rendah. Majalah Sinar Tani Edisi (3390):12-13.
Ariani, E., F.Y. Wicaksono, A.W. Irwan, T. Nurmala, Y. Yuwariah. 2015. Pengaruh berbagai pengaturan jarak tanam dan konsentrasi giberelin (GA3) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) kultivar dewata di dataran medium Jatinangor. Agric. Sci. J 2 (1), 31-52.
Budiarti, S.G. 2005. Karakterisasi beberapa sifat kuantitatif plasma nuftah gandum (Triticum aesticum L.). Buletin Plasma Nuftah 11(2): 49 – 54.
Ferris R., R.H. Ellis, T.R. Wheeler, and P. Hadley. 1999. Effect of high temperature stress at anthesis on grain yield and biomass of field grown crops of wheat. Plant Cell Environ. 34:67–78.
Guendoz, A. and K. Maamari. 2012. Grain-filling, chlorophyll content in relation with grain yield component of durum wheat in a mediterranean environment. Afr. Crop Sci. J, 20(1): 31 – 37
Ma, J.F. 2003. Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 50 (1): 11 – 18.
Makarim, A.K., E. Suhartatik, dan A. Kartohardjono. 2007. Silikon: hara penting pada tanaman padi. Iptek Tanaman Pangan 2(2): 195 – 204.
Nur, Amin. 2013. Adaptasi Tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Toleran Suhu Tinggi dan Peningkatan Keragaman Genetik Melalui Induksi Mutasi dengan Menggunakan Iradiasi Sinar Gamma. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Nurmala, T., A.W. Irwan, A. Wahyudin, dan F.Y. Wicaksono. 2015. Agronomi Tropis. Penerbit Giratuna. Bandung.
Samosir, A.P., 2011. Adaptabilitas varietas gandum introduksi di bogor. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Skripsi.
Saradadevi, R., H. Bramley, K.H.M. Siddique, E. Edwards, and J.A. Palta. 2014. Contrasting stomatal regulation and leaf ABA concentrations in wheat genotypes when split root systems were exposed to terminal drought. Field Crop Research 162: 77 – 86.
Sari, A.T., S.W.A. Suedy, S. Haryanti. 2017. Pengaruh pupuk nanosilika terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L. Var. Kanesia 8). J. Biologi, 6(2): 75 – 83
Song, A., P. Li, Z. Li, F. Fan, M. Nikolic, and Y. Liang. 2011. The alleviation of zinc toxicity by silicon is related to zinc transport and antioxidative reactions in rice. Plant Soil, 344: 319 – 333.
Sujatha, K.B., S.M. Babu, S. Ranganathan, D.N. Rao, S. Ravichandran, dan S.R. Voleti. 2013. Silicon accumulation and its influence on some of the leaf characteristics, membrane stability and yield in rice hybrids and varieties grown under aerobic conditions. J. of Plant Nutr., 36: 963 – 975
Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2002. Plant Physiology, 3rd Ed. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland.
Vasanthi, N., L.M. Saleena, and S.A. Raj. 2014. Silicon in crop production and crop protection - A review. Agri. Reviews, 35 (1): 14 – 23
Wahyu, Y., A..P Samosir, dan S.G. Budiarti. 2013. Adaptabilitas genotipa gandum introduksi di dataran rendah. Bul. Agrohorti 1(1): 1-6.
Wicaksono, F., Y. Maxiselly., O. Mulyani., dan M.I. Janitra. 2016. Pertumbuhan dan hasil gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) yang diberi perlakuan pupuk silikon dengan dosis yang berbeda di dataran medium Jatinangor. Universitas Padjadjaran. Jurnal Kultivasi 15(3): 179 – 186.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v19i2.26746
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Jurnal Kultivasi Indexed by:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.