Multiplikasi cepat tunas tiga aksesi stevia secara in vitro
Abstract
Sari
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)) telah menjadi pelengkap untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan pemanis yang terus meningkat di Indonesia. Jumlah varietas unggul Stevia di Indonesia masih terbatas. Keterbatasan ini perlu diimbangi dengan metode perbanyakan yang cepat. Multiplikasi tunas merupakan salah satu metode dalam kultur jaringan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk perbanyakan cepat bibit Stevia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh respon aksesi-aksesi stevia terhadap multiplikasi tunas stevia pada komposisi media berbeda. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap percobaan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang masing-masing terdiri atas dua faktor. Percobaan pertama terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah tiga aksesi stevia yakni aksesi Bogor, Garut dan Tawangmangu dan faktor kedua adalah jenis sitokinin yakni tanpa sitokinin (kontrol), Zeatin, Kinetin, TDZ, 2-IP dan BA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi Stevia Garut memberikan respon paling baik dalam multiplikasi tunas dan BA merupakan jenis sitokinin yang paling efektif untuk multiplikasi tunas pada media DKW. Konsentrasi BA 1 mgL-1 merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif dalam multiplikasi tunas stevia. Jumlah tunas yang dihasilkan 7,45 tunas. Aksesi Tawangmangu menunjukkan respon paling baik untuk tinggi tunas dengan penambahan Zeatin 1,5 mg.L-1 dengan tinggi tunas rata-rata 8,2 cm. Pertumbuhan akar terbaik diperoleh dari media DKW tanpa penambahan BA untuk aksesi Garut yaitu dengan rata-rata 10,52 akar.
Kata kunci: Stevia, Aksesi, Benzyl Adenin, Multiplikasi, In vitro
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)) has become a complement to the growing demand for sweeteners in Indonesia. The number of superior varieties of Stevia in Indonesia is still limited. This limitation needs to be solved with a fast propagation method. Shoot multiplication is a method in tissue culture that can be used for rapid propagation of Stevia seeds. This study aims to obtain the response of stevia accessions to the multiplication of stevia shoots at different media compositions. This research comprised two experiments arranged in completely randomized design with factorial pattern and two factors in each experiment. The first experiment, first factor was three accession of stevia, i.e. Bogor accession, Garut accession and Tawangmangu accession. The second factor was the use of cytokinins i.e. without cytokinins (control), Zeatin, Kinetin, TDZ, 2-IP and BA. The second experiment, second factor was concentration of Benzyl Adenine (BA) i.e. BA 0 mgL-1 (control), BA 0.15 mg L-1, BA 0.5 mgL-1, BA 1 mgL-1, BA 1.13 mgL-1 and BA 1.5 mgL-1. Each treatment was replied five times. The results showed that Stevia Garut accession gave the best response in shoot multiplication and BA was the most effective type of cytokinin for shoot multiplication on DKW media. The concentration of BA 1 mgL-1 is the most effective concentration in the multiplication of stevia shoots. The number of shoots produced was 7.45 shoots. Tawangmangu accession showed the best response to shoot height with the addition of Zeatin 1.5 mg.L-1 with an average shoot height of 8.2 cm. The best root growth was obtained from DKW media without the addition of BA for Garut accession with an average of 10.52 roots.
Keywords: Stevia, Accession, Benzyl Adenin, Multiplication, In vitro
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v19i3.29468
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