Pengaruh metode pemangkasan dan pendekatan hormonal terhadap analisis pertumbuhan tanaman teh klon GMB 7 pada periode pemetikan produksi

Abstract

Abstrak. Teh (Camellia sinensis  L.(O) Kuntze) merupakan tanaman tahunan yang pucuknya rutin dipetik, sehingga proses fotosintesis harus optimal. Fotosintesis adalah proses fisiologis yang bertanggung jawab dalam hampir semua akumulasi bahan kering pada tanaman. Peningkatan bahan kering adalah  bagian yang paling penting untuk analisis kuantitatif pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan pada tanaman teh setelah diberikan perlakuan jenis pangkasan, tinggi pangkasan, dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina, Gambung, Ciwidey. Penelitian dimulai Juli 2018 hingga Oktober 2018. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan membentuk model regresi polinomial untuk menentukan tinggi pangkasan dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh terbaik pada setiap jenis pangkasan. Jenis pangkasan meliputi pangkasan bersih dan pangkasan ajir. Tinggi pangkasan meliputi ketinggian pangkasan, diantaranya 40, 50, dan 60 cm. Konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh meliputi 0 ppm, 60 ppm benzil amino purin, 50 ppm asam giberelat, dan 60 ppm benzil amino purin + 50 ppm asam giberelat. Sampel pucuk yang digunakan untuk analisis pertumbuhan tanaman diambil dari pemetikan produksi, dengan daur petik 14 hari sekali dan dilakukan sebanyak 6 kali pemetikan. Pengukuran analisis pertumbuhan teh meliputi nisbah luas pucuk, laju asimilasi pucuk, dan laju pertumbuhan pucuk.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pemangkasan bersih pada tinggi pangkasan 60 cm disertai 50 ppm asam giberelat cenderung meningkatkan nisbah luas pucuk, laju asimilasi pucuk, dan laju pertumbuhan pucuk, sedangkan aplikasi pemangkasan ajir/jambul pada tinggi pangkasan 60 cm disertai 60 ppm benzil amino purin cenderung meningkatkan laju asimilasi pucuk serta laju pertumbuhan pucuk.

Kata kunci: Analisis pertumbuhan, Hormon, Klon GMB 7, Pangkasan, Pemetikan produksi.

Abstract. Tea (Camellia sinensis  L.(O) Kuntze) is an perennial plant whose shoots are regularly picked, so the photosynthesis process have to be optimal. Photosynthesis is a physiological process which is responsible for almost all dry matter accumulation in plants. The increase in dry matter is the most important part for quantitative analysis of plant growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth in tea plants after being treated by the types of pruning, cutting height, and growth regulator applications. The research was carried out at the Experimental Station of Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Gambung, Ciwidey. The study was started from July to October 2018. The research was conducted descriptively by forming a polynomial regression model to determine the best pruning height and concentration of growth regulators for each type of pruning. Types of pruning included clean pruning and stalk trimming. Pruning height included height of 40, 50, and 60 cm. The concentration of growth regulators included 0 ppm, 60 ppm benzyl amino purine, 50 ppm gibberellic acid, and 60 ppm benzyl amino purine + 50 ppm gibberellic acid. Shoot samples which used for plant growth analysis were taken from production picking, with a picking cycle 14 days and carried out 6 times. Measurement of shoot growth analysis included shoot area ratio, net assimilation rate, and pecco growth rate. The results of the analysis showed that the application of clean pruning at 60 cm pruning height accompanied by 50 ppm of gibberellic acid tended to increase the ratio of shoot area, shoot assimilation rate, and shoot growth rate, while the application of stalk trimming at 60 cm pruning height accompanied by 60 ppm benzyl amino purine tended to be increase net assimilation rate and pecco growth rate.

Keywords: Clones GMB 7, Growth analysis, Hormone, Production plucking, Pruning.